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. 2022 Nov 30;8:166. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00436-2

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Alzheimer (AD) co-pathology is common in the aged population. b Cases with early-stage amygdala-predominant LBD have more frequent AD co-pathology than expected for the age group, and the frequency of AD co-pathology increases further at late-stage disease. c Cases with early-stage brainstem/PNS-predominant LBD have AD co-pathology at the background level expected for the age group (same as in the black panel in a). However, cases with late-stage brainstem/PNS-predominant LBD display AD co-pathology almost as frequently as late-stage amygdala-predominant cases. This suggests that Lewy pathology promotes concomitant AD pathology, and this applies particularly to the brainstem/PNS-predominant group. [Note that the frequency estimates in the figure should be viewed as coarse approximations].