Table 4.

Summary of Parkinson’s disease-related quality of life changes from the 19 studies that reported PDQ scores at 6 months

Author/Reference	Trial interventions	Mean (SD) PDQ score at baseline	Mean PDQ score at 6 months	Mean (SD) reduction in PDQ score at 6 months
Antonini et al. (2017) [25]	LCIG	47.1 (19.0)	–	9.8 (19.9)
Fernandez et al. (2015) [23]	LCIG	43.2 (15.0)	–	8.8 (14.7)
Olanow et al. (2014) [11]	LCIG	34.3 (17.6)	–	10.0 (12.1)a
	BMT	38.3 (18.4)		5.7 (11.8)a
Palhagen et al. (2016) [24]	LCIG	32.8 (11.0)	–	5.9 (11.2)
Dafsari et al. (2016) [48]	DBS	33.2 (18.0)	24.7 (16.0)	–
Dafsari et al. (2018) [34]	DBS	33.3 (17.4)	23.3 (14.4)	–
Dafsari et al. (2019) [35]	LCIG	45.3 (18.3)	37.4 (13.7)	–
	DBS	46.9 (12.0)	37.5 (15.9)
	CSAI	45.8 (15.4)	32.2 (16.9)
Deuschl et al. (2006) [37]	DBS	41.8 (13.9)	–	9.5 (15.3)
	BMT	39.6 (16.0)		0.2 (11.2)
Drapier et al. (2016) [38]	CSAI	41.2 (15.5)	36.5 (13.9)	–
Floden et al. (2015) [39]	DBS	28.8 (14.2)	–	9.1 (11.5)
Honig et al. (2009) [40]	LCIG	44.2 (18.4)	20.7 (12.0)	–
Katzenschlager et al. (2018) [12]	CSAI	32.7 (15.0)	–	0.1 (14.7)a
	BMT	31.0 (12.7)		− 2.4 (11.8)a
Kubu et al. (2017) [41]	DBS	47.9 (23.8)	25.1 (15.4)
Martinez-Martin et al. (2015) [43]	LCIG	48.6 (14.6)	32.0 (14.9)	–
	CSAI	49.9 (16.6)	35.0 (18.0)
Murata et al. (2016) [44]	LCIG	35.5 (13.8)	–	12.0 (11.5)a
Soulas et al. (2011) [45]	DBS	49.9 (11.1)	41.7 (13.7)	–
Timmermann et al. (2015) [46]	DBS	30.5 (11.0)	–	9.6 (13.4)
Vijiaratanam et al. (2018) [47]	LCIG	67.0 (18.0)	–	14.0 (18.9)
Weaver et al. (2009) [13]	DBS	44.9 (13.2)	–	7.7 (11.5)
	BMT	44.3 (13.1)		− 0.4 (2.4)

BMT best medical treatment, CSAI continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion, DBS deep brain stimulation, LCIG levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel, NR not reported, PDQ Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire, SD standard deviation

^aData at 3 months carried forward