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. 2022 Sep 17;16(6):2785–2796. doi: 10.1007/s11682-022-00724-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Demographic reporting as a function of disease. Reporting rates for sex, race, and ethnicity varied depending on the study cohorts. Biological sex was reported at the highest rates in articles focused on psychiatric disease and lowest in studies of all healthy subjects. The highest reporting of race was observed in studies focused on cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Articles focused on cancer did not report race or ethnicity for any participants. Within studies reporting race, the majority of participants were White with the exception of articles including all healthy participants (largely driven by a single study with high inclusion of mixed race individuals)