Fig. 5.

Demographic reporting as a function of subject age. Reporting rates for sex, race, and ethnicity varied depending on the age of included participants. Age of participants was categorized as infant (0–2 years old), children and adolescent (3–18 years old), mixed youth (0–18 years old), young adult (18–49 years old), older adult (≥ 49 years old), mixed adult (≥ 18 years old), across the lifespan (both youth and adults), and not reported. Biological sex was reported highest in articles including children and adolescents and lowest in studies of mixed youth. Race was also reported highest in studies of children and adolescents and was not reported in studies of mixed youth. Ethnicity was not reported in studies of infants, mixed youth, older adults, or in studies without reported age of participants