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. 2022 Nov 30;13:7360. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35128-1

Fig. 4. Summer meteorological conditions change simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem).

Fig. 4

For the period 2007–2016: a South Asian black carbon triggered average summer moisture flux change. b Averaged moisture divergence change at 500 hPa. c Averaged convective available potential energy (CAPE) change. d Weighted vertical average number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) change. Changes in the aforementioned variables, as a result of South Asian black carbon, were calculated based on WRF-Chem simulation output; i.e., the values of the variables in the control simulations (with the effects of South Asian black carbon) minus those of the sensitivity simulations (without the effects of South Asian black carbon) as noted in the text.