TABLE 1.
The baseline characteristics of participants.
| GGT/HDL-c ratio (quartile) | Q1 (< 10.72) | Q2 (10.72–15.55) | Q3 (15.55–23.85) | Q4 (≥ 23.85) | P-value |
| participants | 2,971 | 2,971 | 2,976 | 2,973 | |
| Gender | < 0.001 | ||||
| Female | 1503 (50.59%) | 1359 (45.74%) | 1302 (43.75%) | 1225 (41.20%) | |
| Male | 1468 (49.41%) | 1612 (54.26%) | 1674 (56.25%) | 1748 (58.80%) | |
| Age (years) | 42.52 ± 14.92 | 43.07 ± 15.00 | 43.34 ± 15.05 | 44.24 ± 14.80 | < 0.001 |
| ALP (U/L) | 63.18 ± 18.26 | 69.57 ± 19.71 | 74.41 ± 20.83 | 80.15 ± 25.73 | < 0.001 |
| GGT (U/L) | 14.65 ± 3.07 | 19.31 ± 3.97 | 25.23 ± 5.94 | 48.89 ± 23.37 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.75 ± 0.31 | 1.49 ± 0.29 | 1.32 ± 0.28 | 1.24 ± 0.31 | < 0.001 |
| GGT/HDL-c ratio | 8.67 (7.43–9.72) | 12.93 (11.80–14.20) | 18.89 (17.04–20.96) | 34.02 (27.87–46.20) | < 0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 13.00 (10.00–16.00) | 15.00 (11.00–19.00) | 17.00 (14.00–23.00) | 23.00 (17.00–31.00) | < 0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 19.97 ± 4.95 | 21.54 ± 6.82 | 22.83 ± 6.81 | 26.57 ± 13.07 | < 0.001 |
| ALB (g/L) | 44.29 ± 2.75 | 44.54 ± 2.74 | 44.70 ± 2.81 | 44.64 ± 2.78 | < 0.001 |
| GLB (g/L) | 28.98 ± 3.96 | 29.26 ± 3.92 | 29.37 ± 4.02 | 29.53 ± 4.02 | < 0.001 |
| TBIL (umol/L) | 11.59 ± 4.69 | 12.16 ± 4.91 | 12.74 ± 5.07 | 12.57 ± 5.43 | < 0.001 |
| DBIL (umol/L) | 2.00 (1.40–2.64) | 2.10 (1.46–2.86) | 2.10 (1.50–2.90) | 2.00 (1.40–2.80) | < 0.001 |
| BUN (umol/L) | 4.32 ± 1.33 | 4.57 ± 1.40 | 4.69 ± 1.30 | 4.76 ± 1.57 | < 0.001 |
| Scr (umol/L) | 74.00 ± 16.44 | 81.87 ± 21.99 | 87.24 ± 19.96 | 90.60 ± 36.38 | < 0.001 |
| UA (umol/L) | 234.79 ± 74.91 | 277.92 ± 81.28 | 312.67 ± 79.16 | 341.25 ± 81.14 | < 0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.04 ± 0.58 | 5.14 ± 0.72 | 5.23 ± 0.81 | 5.40 ± 1.08 | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.62 ± 0.72 | 4.53 ± 0.73 | 4.56 ± 0.72 | 4.69 ± 0.75 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.85 (0.69–1.06) | 1.02 (0.81–1.31) | 1.28 (0.99–1.66) | 1.64 (1.20–2.31) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.17 ± 0.47 | 2.24 ± 0.47 | 2.33 ± 0.46 | 2.35 ± 0.46 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.59 ± 1.94 | 21.24 ± 2.00 | 21.95 ± 1.93 | 22.58 ± 1.72 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 115.60 ± 15.92 | 120.73 ± 16.50 | 124.75 ± 16.34 | 127.78 ± 16.40 | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 69.71 ± 9.40 | 72.76 ± 10.03 | 74.93 ± 9.97 | 77.25 ± 10.41 | < 0.001 |
Values are n (%) or mean ± SD or median (quartile).
BMI, Body mass index; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; TG, Triglyceride; ALB, albumin; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; GLB, globulin; LDL-c, Low-density lipid cholesterol; BUN, Serum urea nitrogen; HDL-c, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Scr, Serum creatinine; TC, Total cholesterol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; UA, uric acid; eGFR, evaluated glomerular filtration rate; DBIL, Direct bilirubin; TBIL, total bilirubin; GGT/HDL-c ratio, Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.