Table 4.
Liver and blood biochemical parameters.
| Biochemical measurements | VLCKD-SDM (n = 15) | MD (n = 15) | p value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I.Q-3.Q | Median | I.Q-3.Q | Median | ||
| Urea (10–50 mg/dL) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 22.0 to 34.0 | 25 | 21.0 to 37.0 | 30 | 0.755 |
| Post-diet | 21.0 to 39.0 | 28 | 19.0 to 34.0 | 31 | 0.967 |
| Change | − 5.0 to 11.0 | 2 | − 7.0 to 4.0 | − 1 | 0.318 |
| Change p | – | 0.363† | – | 0.660† | |
| Uric acid (2–8 mg/dL) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 5.3 to 6.7 | 5.8 | 5.6 to 6.6 | 5.9 | 0.930 |
| Post-diet | 5.4 to 6.8 | 6.1 | 5.2 to 6.3 | 5.9 | 0.347 |
| Change | − 0.2 to 0.4 | + 0.2 | − 0.3 to 0.2 | − 0.2 | 0.074 |
| Change p | – | 0.277† | – | 0.098† | |
| Creatinine (0.6–1.3 mg/dL) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 0.74 to 0.91 | 0.8 | 0.62 to 0.87 | 0.8 | 0.319 |
| Post-diet | 0.71 to 0.98 | 0.9 | 0.66 to 0.78 | 0.8 | 0.309 |
| Change | − 0.07 to 0.09 | 0 | − 0.11 to 0.12 | 0 | 0.430 |
| Change p | – | 0.609† | – | 0.887† | |
| Protein (6.4–8.3 g/dL) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 7.6 to 8.0 | 7.7 | 6.2 to 7.4 | 6.9 | < 0.001 |
| Post-diet | 7.5 to 8.0 | 7.8 | 6.1 to 7.2 | 7.1 | < 0.001 |
| Change | − 0.2 to 0.3 | 0.21 | − 0.3 to 0.2 | − 0.08 | 0.170 |
| Change p | – | 0.118† | – | 0.801† | |
| Albumin (3.5–5.4 g/dL) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 3.8 to 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.1 to 4.6 | 4.3 | 0.382 |
| Post-diet | 4.1 to 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.1 to 4.5 | 4.2 | 0.575 |
| Change | − 0.1 to 0.4 | 0.2 | − 0.2 to 0.2 | − 0.08 | 0.096 |
| Change p | – | 0.052† | – | 0.729† | |
| ALP (40–150 U/L) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 56.0 to 95.0 | 62 | 56.0 to 88.0 | 77 | 0.480 |
| Post-diet | 55.0 to 74.0 | 65 | 53.3 to 88.3 | 73.5 | 0.541 |
| Change | − 7.0 to 4.0 | − 4 | − 8.0 to − 2.0 | − 6 | 0.692 |
| Change p | – | 0.105† | – | 0.052† | |
| AST (5–34 U/L) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 19.0 to 25.0 | 22 | 15.0 to 32.0 | 21 | 0.803 |
| Post-diet | 23.0 to 37.0 | 31 | 16.0 to 31.0 | 27 | 0.236 |
| Change | − 1.0 to 16.0 | 0 | − 6.0 to 6.0 | 0 | 0.245 |
| Change p | – | 0.278† | – | 0.850† | |
| ALT (0–55 U/L) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 19.0 to 40.0 | 21 | 20.0 to 45.0 | 30 | 0.383 |
| Post-diet | 21.0 to 50.0 | 36 | 20.0 to 44.0 | 29 | 0.575 |
| Change | − 2.0 to 19.8 | 2 | − 7.4 to 1.0 | − 1 | 0.129 |
| Change p | – | 0.300† | – | 0.180† | |
| Serum Iron (25–156 μg/dL) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 63.0 to 106.0 | 87 | 46.0 to 94.0 | 67 | 0.184 |
| Post-diet | 62.0 to 119.0 | 94 | 47.5 to 99.8 | 79 | 0.206 |
| Change | 2.0 to 11.0 | 8 | − 2.0 to 11.0 | 7 | 0.851 |
| Change p | – | 0.053† | – | 0.076† | |
| Serum iron binding (110–370 μg/dL) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 211.0 to 332.0 | 269 | 224.0 to 336.8 | 288.5 | 0.600 |
| Post-diet | 174.0 to 308.0 | 243 | 212.0 to 342.8 | 283 | 0.471 |
| Change | − 26.0 to − 11.0 | − 15 | − 14.0 to 4.0 | − 11 | 0.049 |
| Change p | – | 0.009† | – | 0.157† | |
| CRP (0.001–5 mg/dL) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 2.1 to 15.0 | 6 | 1.8 to 5.1 | 3.2 | 0.041 |
| Post-diet | 1.6 to 16.0 | 5.2 | 1.8 to 4.1 | 2.2 | 0.048 |
| Change | − 2.6 to − 0.2 | − 0.6 | − 0.8 to − 0.2 | − 0.7 | 0.319 |
| Change p | – | 0.031† | – | 0.007† | |
| B12 (145–980 pg/mL) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 158.0 to 306.0 | 214 | 169.8 to 325.3 | 255.5 | 0.485 |
| Post-diet | 186.0 to 385.6 | 258 | 186.3 to 326.3 | 251 | 0.647 |
| Change | 12.0 to 44.0 | 18 | − 3.0 to 18.0 | 12 | 0.041 |
| Change p | – | < 0.001† | – | 0.187† | |
| D-Vit (ng/mL) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 7.1 to 12.0 | 8.2 | 7.7 to 13.0 | 10.5 | 0.445 |
| Post-diet | 9.2 to 21.1 | 11 | 8.3 to 14.8 | 11.4 | 0.256 |
| Change | 1.6 to 5.4 | 2.1 | 0.2 to 1.2 | 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Change p | – | < 0.001† | – | 0.002† | |
| Ferritin (5–148 ng/mL) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 62.0 to 127.0 | 87 | 78.0 to 118.8 | 93 | 0.585 |
| Post-diet | 64.0 to 142.0 | 95 | 66.5 to 125.8 | 92 | 0.743 |
| Change | − 21.0 to 15.0 | 6 | − 13.0 to 5.0 | − 4 | 0.213 |
| Change p | – | 0.798† | – | 0.084† | |
| Liver volume (mm) | |||||
| Pre-diet | 171.0 to 210.0 | 200 | 175.0 to 199.0 | 181 | 0.280 |
| Post-diet | 160.0 to 196.0 | 185 | 171.0 to 190.0 | 179 | 0.755 |
| Change | − 15.0 to − 7.0 | − 11.0 (5.5%) | − 4.0 to − 2.0 | − 3.0 (1.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Change p | – | < 0.001† | – | 0.008† | |
Significant values are in bold.
N number of the patients, 1.Q interquartile range 25%, 3.Q interquartile range 75%, ALP alkaline phosphatase, ALT aspartate aminotransferase, AST alanine aminotransferase, CRP C-reactive protein.
*Mann–Whitney U test.
†Wilcoxon test.