Table 2.

Regulation of m¹A modifications in cancer biology.

Biological function	m1A regulator	RNA target	Effect	Cancer/Cell type	Mechanism
Proliferation	TRMT6, TRMT61A, ALKBH3	mRNA	Promotion	GI, HCC, Glioma	Modulation of PI3K/AKT pathway [56], [57], [61]
	TRMT6, TRMT61A	tRNAiMet	Promotion	Glioma	Upregulation of m [1]A58 in tRNAiMet[58]
	ALKBH3	tRNA	Promotion	PAAD, OC	Enhancing protein synthesis by demethylating tRNA [41]Generation of tRNA-derived small RNAs by demethylating tRNA [27]
Invasion	ALKBH3	mRNA	Promotion	BC, OC	Promoting translation of m1A-modified CSF-1 mRNA [51]
	ALKBH3	tRNA	Promotion	PAAD, OC	Generation of tRNA-derived small RNAs by demethylating tRNA [27]
	YTHDF3	mRNA	Suppression	Trophoblast	Promoting the mRNA decay of IGF1R mRNA [50]
Cancer metabolism	TRMT6, TRMT61A	tRNA	Promotion	HCC	Increasing PPARδ translation to stimulate cholesterol synthesis [62]
	ALKBH3, YTHDF1	mRNA	Promotion	OC	Increasing expression of ATP5D mRNA to promote the glycolysis [38]
Senescence, cell death	ALKBH3	mRNA	Promotion	NSCLC, BLCA	Increasing the expression of p27 and p21 [65], [66].
Tumor microenvironment	YTHDF3	mRNA	Promotion	RAW264.7	Regulating the macrophage M1 and M2 polarization [70],