Table 3.
Summary of characteristics of music interventions that did not reduce anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.
| Study | Specific components |
Non-specific components |
Dose |
Delivery mode |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genre | Style | Volume | Rhythm, timbre, harmony | Music selection | Light | Noise | Access to the patient | Sessions | Duration | Purity | Place | Perioperative moment | Method | Format | |
| 6 [30] | Clas | Inst | Pred (60 dB) | NM | I | NM | NM | NM | 1 | 30 min | NM | CL | Before | Earphone | Smartphone |
| 11 [35] | MusiCure®∗ | ∗∗ | Pred (60 dB) | NM | I | NM | NM | NM | 1 | NM | NM | CL | During | LS | Maysound® |
| 13 [37] | MusiCure®∗ | ∗∗ | NM | NM | I | NM | NM | NM | 1 | NM | NM | NM | Before and during | Audio Pillow | NM |
| 14 [38] | New Age | Inst | NM | NM | P | NM | NM | NM | 1 | 15–20 min | NM | NM | Before | Earphone | Cassette |
| 15 [39] | Clas | NM | Pred (25 of the device used) | NM | I | NM | NM | NM | 1 | NM | NM | CL | During | LS | Mp3 |
| 16 [40] | MusiCure®∗ | ∗∗ | Pred (60 dB) | NM | I | NM | NM | NM | 1 | NM | Interventionist’s Manual | CL | During | LS and Audio Pillow | Mp3 |
| 17 [41] | Var | NM | NM | NM | P | NM | NM | NM | 3 | NM | NM | CL | Before, During, and After | Earphone | Cassette |
Legend: NM: not mentioned; P: patient; I: interventionist; CL Catheterization laboratory; Var: varied; Inst: Instrumental; LS: Loudspeaker; ∗A special kind of ‘universal’ and ‘genre-less’ soundscapes that appeal to everyone regardless of music taste, listening habits and music preferences; ∗∗ Not applicable; Clas: classical.