FIGURE 7.

External validation (Health for Life in Singapore (HELIOS) data, n=125). Mean (95% confidence interval) z-scores for a) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁), b) forced vital capacity (FVC) and c) FEV₁/FVC in males, derived from different predictive equations. M3(BGD): Bangladesh; M3(NI): North India; M3(SI): South India; M3(P): Pakistan; M3(SL): Sri Lanka; NHA(C): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (Caucasian). NHANES and Global Lung Initiative (GLI) 2012 reference values: NHA(AA): NHANES(African-American); GLI(C): GLI(Caucasian); GLI(AA): GLI(African-American); GLI(SEA): GLI(South-East Asia); GLI(OTH): GLI(others).