Table 2.
Comparison of healthcare utilization between patients who experienced an ADE from common asthma medications and patients without ADEs, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database 2000–2016
| Corticosteroids | Bronchodilator | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No ADE | ADE | No ADE | ADE | |
| Length of stay | ||||
| Mean (SE), days | 2.65 (0.03) | 3.70 (0.28) | 2.66 (0.03) | 2.66 (0.06) |
| Unadjusted IRRa (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 1.39 (1.36–1.41) | 1 (ref) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) |
| p-valuea | – | < 0.001 | – | 0.325 |
| Adjusted IRRb (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 1.14 (1.12–1.17) | 1 (ref) | 0.91 (0.89–0.93) |
| p-valueb | – | < 0.001 | – | < 0.001 |
| Charges | ||||
| Mean (SE), dollars | 16 769 (497.6) | 30 099 (1344.1) | 16 827 (500.4) | 22 252 (1281.9) |
| Unadjusted ratio ADE vs no ADEc (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 1.79 (1.75–1.84) | 1 (ref) | 1.32 (1.29–1.36) |
| p-valuec | – | < 0.001 | – | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted ratio ADE vs no ADEd (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 1.42 (1.39–1.46) | 1 (ref) | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) |
| p-valued | – | < 0.001 | – | < 0.001 |
| Mortality | ||||
| N (%) | 437 (0.06) | 10 (0.18) | 446 (0.06) | 1 (0.01) |
| Crude ORe (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 2.9 (1.4–6.1) | 1 (ref) | 0.2 (0–1.4) |
| p-valuee | – | 0.005 | – | 0.102 |
| Adjusted ORf (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) | 1 (ref) | 0.2 (0–1.0) |
| p-valuef | – | 0.338 | – | 0.052 |
ADE adverse drug events, CI confidence interval, IRR incidence rate ratio, OR odds ratio, ref reference, SE standard error
aUnivariate negative binomial regression
bMultivariate negative binomial adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, other health conditions, hospital location teaching status, hospital region, and survey year
cUnivariate generalized linear model with a gamma distribution and log link
dMultivariate gamma distribution and log link adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, other health conditions, hospital location teaching status, hospital region, and survey year
eUnivariate logistic regression
fMultivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, other health conditions, hospital location teaching status, hospital region, and survey year
Significant results are bolded (p < 0.05)