Table 2.
Means and SDs of the study variables by urban–rural registration.
| Total N = 96,218 | Urban N = 48,932 | Rural N = 47,286 | Welch Two-Sample t-test | Cohen’s d | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | IV: urban–rural group | ||
| Income Category [range 1–6] | 2.45 | 1.41 | 2.80 | 1.50 | 2.09 | 1.21 | t(93243) = 81.60, p < 0.001 | 0.50 |
| Subjective Social Status [range 1–10] | 4.47 | 1.63 | 4.83 | 1.60 | 4.10 | 1.59 | t(96130) = 71.45, p < 0.001 | 0.45 |
| Loneliness [range 3–9] | 4.59 | 1.57 | 4.57 | 1.57 | 4.61 | 1.57 | t(96122) = −4.15, p < 0.001 | 0.02 |
| Anxiety [range 0–21] | 3.69 | 3.89 | 3.72 | 3.97 | 3.66 | 3.80 | t(96204) = 2.27, p = 0.023 | 0.02 |
| Depression [range 0–27] | 5.13 | 4.47 | 5.13 | 4.54 | 5.13 | 4.39 | t(96216) = −0.16, p = 0.870 | 0.00 |
The reference group of the Welch t-test was the rural household registration. p < 0.001 indicates a statistically significant result. Significant t-test results were highlighted bold.