Table 3.
Wilcoxon test results of pre-and post-tests’ scale scores
| Negative ranks | Positive ranks | Test statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSRL dimensions | n | Mean rank | Sum of ranks | n | Mean rank | Sum of ranks | Ties | Z | Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) |
| SSRL total | 11 | 6.00 | 66.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | –2.940b | 0.003* |
| SRL total | 11 | 6.00 | 66.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | –2.937b | 0.003* |
| Motivation total | 8 | 6.50 | 52.00 | 2 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 1 | –2.501b | 0.012* |
| Before study | 9 | 5.83 | 52.50 | 1 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 1 | –2.555b | 0.011* |
| During study | 11 | 6.00 | 66.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | –2.947b | 0.003* |
| After study | 9 | 5.72 | 51.50 | 1 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 1 | –2.469b | 0.014* |
| Arrangement of study time | 3 | 3.33 | 10.00 | 2 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 6 | –.677b | 0.498 |
| Planning | 7 | 5.71 | 40.00 | 2 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 2 | –2.101b | 0.036* |
| Environmental structuring | 7 | 4.00 | 28.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4 | –2.388b | 0.317 |
| Organizing and transforming | 6 | 6.25 | 37.50 | 3 | 2.50 | 7.50 | 2 | –1.799b | 0.072 |
| Seeking appropriate information | 9 | 5.00 | 45.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2 | –2.701b | 0.007* |
| Seeking easily accessible information | 2 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 9 | –1.414b | 0.157 |
| Rehearsing and memorizing | 6 | 7.75 | 46.50 | 5 | 3.90 | 19.50 | 0 | –1.209b | 0.227 |
| Self-monitoring | 8 | 4.50 | 36.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3 | –2.539b | 0.011* |
| Seeking peer. Teacher or adult assistance | 5 | 4.60 | 23.00 | 2 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 4 | –1.561b | 0.119 |
| Self-evaluation | 5 | 3.90 | 19.50 | 3 | 5.50 | 16.50 | 3 | –.213b | 0.031* |
| Self-consequences after success | 6 | 5.50 | 33.00 | 2 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 3 | –2.108b | 0.035* |
| Self-consequences after failure | 5 | 4.20 | 21.00 | 2 | 3.50 | 7.00 | 4 | –1.190b | 0.234 |
| Self-efficacy | 7 | 4.00 | 28.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4 | –2.375b | 0.018* |
| Goal orientations | 4 | 5.25 | 21.00 | 5 | 4.80 | 24.00 | 2 | –.178c | 0.858 |
| Task value | 6 | 5.17 | 31.00 | 2 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 3 | –1.845b | 0.065 |
| Attributions for failure | 4 | 5.25 | 21.00 | 5 | 4.80 | 24.00 | 2 | –.181c | 0.856 |
| Anxiety | 8 | 4.88 | 39.00 | 1 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 2 | –1.970b | 0.049 |
Bold values indicate the significance of p < .05
bBased on positive ranks; cBased on negative ranks