Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study variables in diabetic patients without and with the occurrence of tuberculosis during the follow-up period.
| Variable |
Type 2 DM without TB (n = 7,956) |
Type 2 DM with TB (n = 48) |
p -values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) mean (SD) | 57.7 (14.2) | 52.2 (13.4) | 0.007a |
| Gender: n (%) | 0.353b | ||
| Men | 4,865 (61.1%) | 33 (68.8%) | |
| Women | 3,091 (38.9%) | 15 (31.2%) | |
| Origin | 0.008b | ||
| Spain/high-income countries | 3,172 (39.8%) | 17 (35.4%) | |
| Hindustan | 1,069 (13.4%) | 14 (29.2%) | |
| Other | 965 (12.1%) | 7 (14.6%) | |
| Unknown | 2,750 (34.6%) | 10 (20.8%) | |
| Alcohol abuse | 398 (5.0%) | 3 (6.25%) | 0.733b |
| Smoking habit | 587 (7.38%) | 1 (2.08%) | 0.260b |
| Homeless | 6 (5.94%) | 3 (6.25) | 0.837b |
| Unemployment | 9 (14.5%) | 15 (32.6%) | <0.001b |
| High social risk (Medea > 2.3) | 50 (42.0%) | 12 (34.3%) | 0.541b |
| Duration of DM (years) mean (SD) | 3.22 (5.77) | 2.59 (4.04) | 0.280a |
| Total medical appointments | 86.2 (80.7) | 115 (84.1) | 0.021a |
| HbA1c (%) mean (SD) | 7.41 (1.85) | 7.66 (2.24) | 0.613a |
| HbA1c ≥ 7.5% | 1,200 (36.3%) | 11 (55%) | 0.135b |
| HbA1c ≥ 8% | 906 (27.4%) | 6 (30%) | 0.996b |
| HbA1c ≥ 9% | 565 (17.1%) | 5 (25%) | 0.271b |
| BMI (kg/m2) mean (SD) | 30.1 (5.30) | 29.8 (4.54) | 0.798a |
| BMI < 25 | 427 (15.9%) | 0 | 0.077b |
| BMI 25–30 | 1,010 (37.6%) | 9 (64.3%) | |
| BMI > 30 | 1,249 (46.5%) | 5 (35.7%) | |
| SBP (mmHg) mean (SD) | 137 (17.8) | 135 (19.9) | 0.570a |
| DBP (mmHg) mean (SD) | 79.3 (11.2) | 78.5 (12.5) | 0.791a |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) mean (SD) | 207 (48.0) | 205 (45.7) | 0.850a |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) mean (SD) | 48.1 (13.5) | 45.5 (7.62) | 0.165a |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) mean (SD) | 124 (36.2) | 131 (42.4) | 0.504a |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) mean (SD) | 105 (27.2) | 122 (21.2) | 0.025a |
| Hemoglobin | 13.5 (1.24) | 12.7 (1.57) | 0.101a |
| Platelets | 259 (71.4) | 326 (80.4) | 0.138a |
| ESR | 22.9 (19.1) | 40.6 (43.1) | 0.411a |
| DM complications | |||
| Macrovascular disease | 640 (8.04%) | 4 (8.33%) | 0.793b |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 296 (3.72%) | 2 (4.17%) | 0.699b |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 94 (1.18%) | 1 (2.08%) | 0437b |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 95 (1.19%) | 1 (2.08%) | 0.115b |
| Heart failure | 221 (2.78%) | 1 (2.08%) | 1.000b |
| DM treatment | |||
| Non-pharmacological | 5,197 (65.3) | 31 (64.6) | 0.909b |
| Metformin | 2,293 (28.8%) | 15 (31.2%) | 0,833b |
| Secretagogues | 826 (10.4%) | 6 (12.5%) | 0.632b |
| DPP4-i | 7 (0.1) | 0 | 0.837b |
| iSGLT2 | 1 (0) | 0 | 0.938b |
| Insulin | 550 (6.91%) | 3 (6.25%) | 0.854b |
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DPP4-i, inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; iSGLT2, Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.
a
t-test.
b
Fisher's exact test.