Table 2.
Policies’ overview at the EU-MS level
| Year | Country | Name | Topics | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | Estonia | Estonia: Human Genes Research Act | Genomics, biobanks | Human Genes Research Act—Riigi Teataja [Internet]. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/531102013003/consolide |
| 2003 | Sweden | Swedish Biobanks in Medical Care Act (SFS 2002:297) | Biobanks | Biobanks in Medical Care Act. 2002 [Internet]. Available from: https://biobanksverige.se/wp-content/uploads/Biobanks-in-medical-care-act-2002-297.pdf |
| 2003 | UK | Building on the Best | Personalization of care, health data | Building on the Best | Choice, Responsiveness and Equity in the NHS. 2003 (cited 19 October 2021). Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/587438/dh_4068400.pdf |
| 2013 | Finland | Finnish Biobank Act | Biobanks | Biobank Act 688/2012. 2012 (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/2012/en20120688.pdf |
| 2013 | Italy | Italian National Plan for Public Health Genomics | Genomics education, HTA and translation |
|
| 2014 | Finland | Finnish Gene Technology Act | Gene technology | Gene Technology Act 377/1995. Gene Technology Act Issued in Helsinki on [Internet]. 1995 (cited 20 October 2021); 377. Available from: https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1995/en19950377.pdf |
| 2015 | Estonia | Research, Development, and Innovation Strategy for the Estonian Health System 2015-2020 | Health data infrastructure, research and innovation | RESEARCH AND INNOVATION FOR HEALTH Research, Development and Innovation Strategy for the Estonian Health System 2015–2020 [Internet]. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://www.sm.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/eesmargid_ja_tegevused/Tervis/strategy_research_and_innovation_for_health.pdf |
| 2015 | Finland | Finland’s National Genome Strategy | Genomics literacy, ELSI of genomics | Finland’s Genome Strategy—Ministry of Social Affairs and Health [Internet]. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://issuu.com/sitrafund/docs/finland_genomestrategy |
| 2016 | Denmark | Denmark National Strategy for Personalised Medicine 2017–2020 | Genomics, research ethics, sustainability, citizens’ engagement | New national strategy for personalized medicine. Healthcare DENMARK [Internet]. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://www.healthcaredenmark.dk/news/new-national-strategy-for-personalized-medicine.aspx |
| 2015 | UK | NHS England: Improving Outcomes through Personalised Medicine | Genomics, prevention, citizens’ engagement | IIMMIMPROVING OUTCOMES THROUGH PERSONALISED MEDICINE Working at the cutting edge of science to improve patients’ lives. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: http://moz-extension://f695759d-d783-b344-9232-4565ce0b8fc8/enhanced-reader.html?openApp&pdf=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.england.nhs.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F09%2Fimproving-outcomes-personalised-medicine.pdf |
| 2016 | Finland | Finland: Health Sector Growth Strategy for R&I Activities Roadmap for 2016–2018 | Genomics, biobanks | Innovating together | Health Sector Growth Strategy for Research and Innovation Activities Roadmap for 2016–2018. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/75145/MEE_guidelines_8_2016_Health_sector_growth_strategy_17062016_web.pdf |
| 2016 | Norway | Norwegian Strategy for PM in healthcare (2017-2021) | Personalized medicine, healthcare | Norwegian Strategy for Personalised Medicine in Healthcare. 2017 (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rapporter/strategi-for-persontilpasset-medisin-i-helsetjenesten/Summary%20of%20the%20Norwegian%20Strategy%20for%20Personalised%20Medicine%20in%20Health%20Care.pdf/_/attachment/inline/5a6c511c-b245-4546-8dfa-daa057f275dc: f0a88b9e56dddd83901639bea4de5c04919bf407/Summary%20of%20the%20Norwegian%20Strategy%20for%20Personalised%20Medicine%20in%20Health%20Care.pdf |
| 2016 | UK | A national clinical strategy for Scotland | Healthcare sustainability | “A National Clinical Strategy for Scotland.” www.gov.scot, www.gov.scot/publications/national-clinical-strategy-scotland/documents/ (31 January 2022, date last accessed) |
| 2017 | Italy | Italian National Plan for Innovation of the Health System based on -omics sciences | Omics |
|
| 2019 | France | French National Health Strategy 2018-2022 | Healthcare standards, innovation | National Health Strategy 2018-2022. 2018 (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://www.gouvernement.fr/sites/default/files/locale/piece-jointe/2018/10/france-national-health-strategy-2018-2022.pdf |
| 2019 | Finland | Finland Act on secondary use of social and health data | Accessibility of EHRs, health data infrastructure, research | Secondary use of health and social data—Ministry of Social Affairs and Health [Internet]. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://stm.fi/en/secondary-use-of-health-and-social-data |
| 2019 | Sweden | Sweden’s National Life Science Strategy | Research and innovation, ELSI, stakeholders’ networks | Sweden’s national life sciences strategy. |
| 2020 | Finland | Finland: Health Sector Growth Strategy 2021-2023 (Draft) | Healthcare | National Health Sector Growth Strategy [Internet]. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://www.healthcampusturku.fi/research-parties/national-health-sector-growth-strategy/ |
| 2020 | UK | GENOME UK: 2020 national genomic healthcare strategy | Citizens’ engagement, research translation, targeted PM treatment and prevention, innovation, ELSI, accessibility of EHRs | Genome UK: the future of healthcare—GOV.UK [Internet]. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/genome-uk-the-future-of-healthcare |
| 2020 | Estonia | Estonian eHealth Strategic Development Plan 2020 | Health data infrastructure, eHealth | Estonian eHealth Strategic Development Plan 2020 [Internet]. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://www.sm.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/sisekomm/e-tervise_strateegia_2020_15_en1.pdf |
| 2020 | Finland | The Finnish National eHealth and eSocial Strategy 2020 | eHealth, citizens’ engagement | eHealth and eSocial Strategy 2020 - Finland [Internet]. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/handle/10024/74459 |
| 2020 | Luxembourg | National Research Priorities for Luxembourg in 2020 and beyond | Sustainability, eHealth | NATIONAL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION STRATEGY FOR LUXEMBOURG. (cited 20 October 2021). Available from: http://www.mesr.public.lu/presse/communiques/2020/FEVRIER-2020/Presentation-de-la-strategie-nationale-de-la-recherche-et-de-l_innovation1/09711_MESR_SnRI_Broch_en_WEB-_002_.pdf |
| 2020 | Spain | Spanish Strategy for Personalised Medicine 2020 | Big-Data, genomics, training in Precision Medicine | Ministerio. “Detalle de Publicación.” Ciencia.gob.es, 2021, www.ciencia.gob.es/InfoGeneralPortal/detalle-publicacion/MCIN/EECTI-Estrategia-Espanola-de-Ciencia-Tecnologia-e-Innovacion-2021-2027.html (31 January 2022, date last accessed) |