Table 2.

Summary of study characteristics: clinical competency and performance assessment.

Ref. No.	Ref., Year	Professional education domains of competence	Description (implied or explicit) of competency	User-AIa interface training and description	Performance assessment
1	Bien, 2018 [23]	Patient care—clinical skills	Implied in methods; improve image interpretation	Training N/Rb; interface not described	Metric N/Pc; evaluate if AI assistance improves expert performance in reading MRId images
2	Hirsch, 2015 [22]	Patient care—clinical skills	Implied in methods; improve summarization of longitudinal patient record and information processing in preparation for new patients	Training N/R; authenticated user queries the database for a patient and is provided with a visual summary of content containing all visit, note, and problem information	Questionnaire; evaluate time and efficiency in information processing for patient care
3	Jordan, 2010 [21]	Communication Patient care—clinical skills Systems-based practice	Implied in methods; improve handovers in peri-operative patient care by reducing communication and informational errors	Training N/R; patient summarization and visualization tool are used as an overlay to the existing electronic patient record	Questionnaire; evaluate if AI-based tool performs better than physicians to provide clinical information and patient status in ICUe handovers
4	Sayres, 2019 [20]	Patient care—clinical skills	Implied in methods; improve reader sensitivity and increase specificity of fundal images	Readers were provided training and similar instructions for use; interface not described	Metric N/P; evaluate if AI assistance increases severity grades in model predictions by assessing sensitivity and specificity of reader

^aAI: artificial intelligence.

^bN/R: not reported.

^cN/P: not provided.

^dMRI: magnetic resonance imaging.

^eICU: intensive care unit.