Table 3.
Demographic characteristics and polysomnographic variables by RBDSS group.
| Patients with DNB Ratings 0 + 1+2 (n = 28) | Patients with DNB Ratings 3 + 4 (n = 11) | P a | Effect Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age in years, M ± SD | 37.8 ± 7.39 | 40.8 ± 6.78 | 0.240b | 0.415h |
| Males, % (No.) | 82.1% (23) | 72.7% (8) | 0.663d | 0.89 (0.59–1.32)f |
| BMI in kg/m2, M ± SD | 29.1 ± 3.19 | 28.3 ± 4.40 | 0.560b | 0.225h |
| Medication usage: % (No.) | ||||
| Sleep aid | 60.7% (17) | 70.0% (7) | 0.715d | 1.15 (0.70–1.91)f |
| Antidepressant | 53.6% (15) | 72.7% (8) | 0.471d | 1.36 (0.82–2.24)f |
| Prazosin | 71.4% (20) | 72.7% (8) | 0.999d | 1.02 (0.66–1.57)f |
| Self-reported measures | ||||
| PSQI, M ± SD | 14.3 ± 3.87 | 15.5 ± 4.53 | 0.453b | 0.295h |
| ESS, M ± SD | 11.8 ± 5.40 | 13.2 ± 4.38 | 0.423b | 0.556h |
| ISI, MD (IQR) | 20.0 (8.00) | 23.0 (6.00) | 0.150c | 0.231g |
| Primary sleep diagnoses: % (No.) | ||||
| Insomnia (ISI score ≥ 15) | 82.1% (23) | 100% (11) | 0.296d | 1.22 (1.02–1.45)f |
| OSA (AHI ≥ 5 events/h) | 53.6% (15) | 27.3% (3) | 0.171d | 0.51 (0.18–1.42)f |
| Associated illnesses: % (No.) | ||||
| Anxiety | 53.6% (15) | 81.8% (9) | 0.150d | 1.53 (0.98–2.38)f |
| Depression | 42.9% (12) | 72.7% (8) | 0.155d | 1.70 (0.97–2.97)f |
| PTSD | 50.0% (13) | 100% (9) | 0.003d,e | 2.00 (1.38–2.90)f |
| TBI | 28.6% (8) | 36.4% (4) | 0.709d | 1.27 (0.48–3.38)f |
| PSG variables | ||||
| TST (min), M ± SD | 351 ± 43.6 | 333 ± 56.1 | 0.343b | 0.389h |
| SE (%), MD (IQR) | 89.3 (13.5) | 79.4 (18.2) | 0.138c | 0.237g |
| SOL (min), MD (IQR) | 6.86 (18.5) | 13.4 ± 26.6 | 0.224c | 0.192g |
| WASO (min), MD (IQR) | 31.3 (46.3) | 75.5 (94.7) | 0.130c | 0.242g |
| REM latency (min), MD (IQR) | 104 (55.8) | 82.0 (78.5) | 0.674c | 0.067g |
| N1 (%), MD (IQR) | 7.50 (5.98) | 13.0 (18.8) | 0.059c | 0.302g |
| N2 (%), M ± SD | 55.2 ± 12.2 | 54.8 ± 15.4 | 0.931b | 0.033h |
| N3 (%), MD (IQR) | 13.8 (16.2) | 1.00 (11.4) | 0.002c,e | 0.489g |
| REM (%), MD (IQR) | 19.5 (6.80) | 21.0 (17.3) | 0.374c | 0.142g |
| AHI (events/h), MD (IQR) | 5.20 (11.3) | 3.10 (21.9) | 0.325c | 0.157g |
| Arousal index (events/h), MD (IQR) | 17.1 (13.5) | 25.0 (19.8) | 0.206c | 0.202g |
| Lowest oxygen desaturation (%), MD (IQR) | 89.5 (5.00) | 89.0 (19.8) | 0.950c | 0.010g |
| PLMS Index, MD (IQR) | 1.90 (25.7) | 1.20 (3.80) | 0.450c | 0.124g |
aUnadjusted P. bComparisons based on t-test for groups with unequal sample sizes. cComparisons based on Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. dComparisons based on Fisher’s exact test. eStatistically significant according to post hoc analysis with the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate controlling procedure. fRelative risk (95% confidence interval) for patients with DNB ratings of 3 and 4. gEffect size r. hEffect size Hedges g. AHI = apnea-hypopnea index, BMI = body mass index, desaturation = minimum recorded oximetry value during sleep, ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ISI = Insomnia Severity Index, M ± SD = mean ± standard deviation, MD (IQR) = median (interquartile range), OSA = obstructive sleep apnea, PLMS = periodic limb movements of sleep, PSG = polysomnogram, PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder, REM = rapid eye movement, SE = sleep efficiency, SOL = sleep onset latency, TBI = traumatic brain injury, TST = total sleep time, WASO = wakefulness after sleep onset.