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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2022 Jun 16;169:107339. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107339

Table 1.

Summary of studies utilizing silicone wristbands to assess personal exposure, excluding studies that additionally evaluated for haelth biomarkers.

Reference Sampling
Year		 Chemicals of
Concern		 Targeted Population Number of
Samples		 Sampling
Length		 Units of
Measurement		 Location
Aerts et al., 2018 2016 Pesticide Residues NA n = 30 participants, n = 30 participant residences, n = 4 participant workplace, n=8 forest 5 days ng/g WB Belgium
Alkon et al., 2021 2017–19 Pesticides Preschool age children n = 125 30- weekday hours ng/g WB Northern California, USA
Arcury et al., 2021 2018–19 Pesticides 8-year-old LatinX children n = 60 urban non-farmworker families, n = 75 rural farmworker families 7 days Number of chemical detections/WB North Carolina, USA
Baum et al., 2020 2017 PAHs Structural firefighters n = 72 24 hours ng/g WB Southern Florida, USA
Bergmann et al., 2017 2014 Pesticides and SVOCs NA n = 68 1 month ng/g WB Alto Mayo, Peru
Bullock et al., 2020 2016 VOCs and SVOCs Beehives n = 10 apiaries across 3 time points, and three locations within each apiary 24 hours Number of chemical detections/ WB southeastern Pennsylvania, USA
Caban-Martinez et al., 2020 2019 PAHs Structural firefighters n = 15 24 hours ng/g WB Dominican Republic
Craig et al., 2019 2016–17 Phthalates, phthalate alternatives, OPEs Nail Salon Workers (females, >18yo) n = 9 wristbands and pinned lapels each 1 work day ng/g WB Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Dixon et al., 2018 2013–15 PAHs Pregnant women n = 22 48 hours ng/WB New York, New York, USA
Hendryx et al., 2020 2017–18 PAHs Appalachian coal mining communities with surface coal mining n= 101 7 days ng/g WB Rural communities in the Central Appalachian portion of southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, and western Virginia
Hoffman et al., 2021 2018–19 OPEs North Carolina adults n= 10 (1 wristband per day) 5 days ng/g WB North Carolina, USA
Kile et al., 2016 2012–13 PBDEs, OPEs, and HFRs Preschool children (3–5yo) n = 72 7 days ng/g WB/day Lane and Benton Counties, Oregon, USA
Levasseur et al., 2021 2014–16 Environmental phenols Children aged 3–6 n = 76 7 days ng/g WB central North Carolina, USA
Dixon et al., 2019 2014–17 VOCs and SVOCs NA n = 262 worn by 246 volunteers Varied Number of chemical detections/WB Locations within Africa, North America, and South America
Doherty et al., 2020 2017–18 VOCs and SVOCs Pregnant women n = 255 at 12 gestational weeks, n = 20 at 24 gestational weeks 7 days ng/g WB New Hampshire, USA
Donald et al., 2016 2014 Pesticides Farmworkers n = 35 for two time periods 5 days ng/g WB Diender, Senegal
Gibson et al., 2016 -- OPEs Mother and Child (3–6 yo) pairs n = 32 pairs for two consecutive periods 7 days ng/g WB New York, New York, USA
Hammel et al., 2016 2015 OPEs NA n = 40 5 days ng/WB Durham, North Carolina, USA
Hammel et al., 2018 2016 HFRs NA n = 30 7 days ng/g WB Durham, North Carolina, USA
Hammel et al., 2020 2015–16 OPEs & phthalates Children (3–6 yo) n = 77 7 days ng/g WB North Carolina, USA
Harley et al., 2019 2016 Pesticides Latina adolescent girls in a farm working community n = 97 7 days ng/g WB/day Salinas Valley, California, USA
Manzano et al., 2019 2016–17 Targeted and untargeted SVOC analysis Individuals in areas with different geographical/socioeconomic characteristics n = 27; two time points (winter & summer) 5 days ng/g WB Santiago, Chile
Mendoza-Sanchez et al., 2021 2015–16 PAHs Pregnant women n = 17 for three consecutive periods 24 hours ng/WB McAllen, Texas, USA
Nguyen et al., 2020 2017 PBDEs & HFRs e-waste recycling facility workers n = 45 workers; n = 45 silicone brooches, n = 28 wristbands, and n = 9 armbands 1 work day ng/dm2 WB/h Québec, Canada
O’Connell et al., 2014 2012 PAHs Roofers using hot asphalt Worksite 1 (n = 3), worksite 2 (n = 5). Single, stacked and lapel/brooch wristbands deployed to every participant 8hrs and workweek (32–39 hrs) ng/WB Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA
Paula Corrêa et al., 2021 2016–17 VOCs & SVOCs NA n = 2 6 hours ng/g WB Brazilian cities
Paulik et al., 2018 2014 PAHs Individuals in close proximity to natural gas extraction sites n= 19 3 weeks ng/g WB Carroll County, Ohio, USA
Poutasse et al., 2020 2018–19 PAHs, VOCs & SVOCs Structural Firefighters nlow volume = 29; nhigh volume = 27 for on duty and off duty 30 on-duty and off duty days pmol/g tag Kansas City, Kansas/Missouri, USA
Poutasse et al., 2022 2018–19 Potential Endocrine Disruptors Structural Firefighters nlow volume= 29; nhigh volume = 27 for on duty and off duty 30 on-duty and off duty days nmol/tag Kansas City, Kansas/Missouri, USA
Quintana et al., 2019 2017 Nicotine Children (4–14 yo) who lived with/without smoking adults n= 31 children 2 and 7 days ng/WB San Diego, California, USA
Santiago et al., 2021 2018 PAHs Fishermen n= 17 24 work hrs ng/g WB Mississippi & Florida, USA
Swanson et al., 2018 2015–16 Pesticides Northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) n = 72 2 weeks ng/WB northern Iowa, USA
Travis et al., 2020 2018 PCBs, pesticides, PBDE, OPEs, HFR Elementary school children n = 24 7 days ng/g WB Montevideo, Uruguay
Quintana et al., 2021 2017–18 Nicotine, cotinine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines Children (4–14 yo) who lived with/without smoking adults n= 53 children, two wristbands were worn at the same time for 7 days, an additional wristband was worn the last two days 2 and 7 days ng/g WB San Diego, California, USA
Reche et al., 2020 2019 PAHs and personal care products Volunteers in close proximity to professional athletes n = 5 4.4 days ng/WB Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
Reddam et al., 2020 2019 OPEs University of California, Riverside students who commute n = 89 5 days ng/g WB Riverside, California, USA
Rohlman et al., 2019 2015 PAHs Individuals with moderate to severe asthma n= 10 7 days ng/WB Eugene, Oregon, USA
Rohlman et al., 2019 2016–17 PAHs Native American Communities Spring (n = 10), Winter (n=22) 7 days ng/g WB Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, Washington, USA
Roodt et al., 2018 NA Skin VOCs and SVOCs NA Subject 1 (6 wristbands, and 6 anklet samples), subject 2 (2 wristbands during 2 separate sample collections). 4 hours Normalized mean peak area Pretoria, South Africa
Wang et al., 2019 2018 PAHs, PBDE, HFRs, and OPEs NA n= 10 72 hours ng/WB Bloomington, Indiana, USA
Wang et al., 2020 2018–19 PAHs, PBDEs, HFRs, and OPEs NA France (n = 40) and Italy (n = 31) 5 days ng/g WB Turin, Italy and France
Wang et al., 2020 2018 PBDEs, HFRs, OPEs, and dechlorane plus (DPs) e-waste recycling facility workers n= 15 24 hours ng/WB/h Dhaka, Bangladesh
Wise et al., 2020 2018 VOCs & SVOCs Human dog pairs n = 30 human and dog pairs 5 days ng/g WB Wake County, North Carolina, and New Jersey, USA
Wise et al., 2021 2018 Pesticides Human dog pairs n = 30 human and dog pairs 5 days ng/g WB Wake County, North Carolina, and New Jersey, USA
Wooding et al., 2020 NA Skin VOCs and SVOCs NA n = 20 (replicates of three for each wristband & anklet sampler) sampled on 5 consecutive days 1 hr Normalized mean peak area Pretoria, South Africa
Xie et al., 2021 2018–19 OPEs Mother-child pairs n = 47 mother- child pairs 2 weeks ng/WB Guangzhou, South China
Young et al., 2021 2019 PCBs, PBDEs, HFRs, OPEs, phthalates & phthalate alternatives, pesticides, & PAHs Adult workers in office buildings n = 251 from 36 office buildings Monday-Thursday during work hrs. ng/g WB USA, UK, China, & India