Table 2.

Descriptive statistics and socioeconomic characteristics for the urban sample

Variable	2002			2007
	Obs	Mean	Std. dev	Obs	Mean	Std. dev
Gender
Male	3283	0.56		2755	0.49
Female	2597	0.44		2826	0.51
Age, years	5880	37.47	20.18	5581	40.44	20.83
0–14	984	7.47	4.43	788	7.72	4.28
15–44	2705	30.96	8.10	2469	31.85	8.75
45–59	1157	51.73	4.30	1142	51.77	4.25
60 +	1034	67.08	5.73	1182	69.23	6.14
Average number of household members	1974	3.46	1.47	1979	2.93	1.14
Equivalent household expenditure	1974	5924.62	6706.05	1979	8855.68	5830.61
Equivalent household OOP expenditure	1974	719.84	1852.17	1979	1184.40	2581.13
Health insurance
None	3886	0.66		1918	34.37
Any	1994	0.34		3663	65.63

Data source: Authors’ calculations from 2003–2008 NHSS data