Table 1.
Demographic and preoperative characteristics of patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer
| ETI (n = 21) | Control (n = 21) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender a | 17(81.0%) | 21(100%) | 0.107 |
| Age (years) b | 64.57 ± 9.39 | 58.29 ± 7.62 | 0.022 |
| BMI (kg/m2) b | 22.71 ± 3.76 | 21.76 ± 2.45 | 0.336 |
| ASAa | |||
| II | 16(76.2%) | 19(90.5%) | 0.408 |
| III | 5(23.8%) | 2(9.5%) | |
| FEV1 < 70% a | 3(14.3%) | 1(4.8%) | 0.599 |
| Smoke a | 13(61.9%) | 5(23.8%) | 0.013 |
| History of thoracoabdominal surgery a | 7(33.3%) | 3(14.3%) | 0.147 |
| Depth of invasionc | 0.222 | ||
| T1 | 3(14.3%) | 6(28.6%) | |
| T2 | 4(19.0%) | 2(9.5%) | |
| T3 | 5(23.8%) | 9(42.9%) | |
| T4 | 9(42.9%) | 4(19.0%) | |
| Location of tumorc | 0.802 | ||
| Proximal | 2(9.5%) | 1(4.8%) | |
| middle | 3(14.3%) | 4(19.0%) | |
| distal | 16(76.2%) | 16(76.2%) | |
| comorbidities a | |||
| cardiovascular system | 12(57.1%) | 10(47.6%) | 0.537 |
| Respiratory system | 13(61.9%) | 11(52.4%) | 0.533 |
| Gastrointestinal system | 10(47.6%) | 6(28.6%) | 0.204 |
Cardiovascular system: History of myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension or (treated) coronary artery disease; Respiratory system: history of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, silicosis, pulmonary bullae, asthma; Gastrointestinal system: history of gastroenteritis, dyspepsia, reflux esophagitis, gastric ulcer, intestinal obstruction
ETI Emergent endotracheal intubation, BMI Body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second
aData presented as numbers or percentages, chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test
bData presented as mean ± standard deviation, two-tailed Student’s t test
cData presented as numbers or percentages, One way ANOVA