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. 2022 Dec 1;22:308. doi: 10.1186/s12874-022-01783-7

Table 1.

Pre-survey affect and change in affect overall; change in affect post-survey by study factors

Affect Affect Overall Topics Covered by Survey How Name was Obtained Incentive
Pre-Survey Change after Survey Combat Military Sexual Trauma Life Experiences that Affect Well-Being List of OEF/OIF/OND Veterans List of Veterans applying for Disability Benefits $20 $40
Men N = 190 N = 190 n = 68 n = 66 n = 56 n =84 n =106 n =81 n =109
Valence 5.01 (1.68) 0.25 (1.25) 0.46 (1.27) 0.02 (0.97) 0.27 (1.47) 0.11 (1.10) 0.36 (1.35) 0.09 (1.31) 0.37 (1.20)
Arousal 5.07 (1.94) 0.14 (1.42) 0.13 (1.28) 0.17 (1.17) 0.11 (1.81) 0.12 (1.35) 0.15 (1.47) 0.11 (1.47) 0.16 (1.38)
Women N = 193 N = 193 n = 59 n = 67 n = 67 n =92 n =101 n =87 n =106
Valence 5.40 (1.81) 0.22 (1.40) 0.31 (1.36) 0.15 (1.34) 0.21 (1.49) 0.08 (1.26) 0.35 (1.50) 0.34 (1.44) 0.11 (1.35)
Arousal 5.27 (1.89) 0.20 (1.48) 0.41 (1.63) -0.03 (1.38) 0.25 (1.42) -0.01 (1.35) 0.40 (1.57) 0.25 (1.60) 0.16 (1.37)

Results are reported as means with standard deviations in (). Positive score changes signify more sadness (valence) or tenseness (arousal) post-survey compared to pre-survey. Negative score changes signify less sadness (valence) or tenseness (arousal) post-survey compared to pre-survey. Score changes’ possibilities range from -8 to 8.

OEF/OIF/OND = Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation New Dawn.