Table 4.
Univariable analysis of the GDM and the normal groups among the extended population
| Variable | GDM group (n = 637) |
Normal group (n = 844) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 30.0 (28.0–33.0) | 29.0 (27.0–31.0) | < 0.001 |
| Nulliparous, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 432 (67.8) | 466 (55.2) | |
| Yes | 205 (32.2) | 378 (44.8) | |
| History of GDM, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 573 (90.0) | 833 (98.7) | |
| Yes | 64 (10.0) | 11 (1.3) | |
| History of macrosomia, n (%) | 0.005 | ||
| No | 619 (97.2) | 837 (99.2) | |
| Yes | 18 (2.8) | 7 (0.8) | |
| History of abnormal pregnancy, n (%) | 0.182 | ||
| No | 609 (95.6) | 818 (96.9) | |
| Yes | 28 (4.4) | 26 (3.1) | |
| Family history of DM, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 615 (96.5) | 841 (99.6) | |
| Yes | 22 (3.5) | 3 (0.4) | |
| PCOS, n (%) | 0.003 | ||
| No | 619 (97.2) | 838 (99.3) | |
| Yes | 18 (2.8) | 6 (0.7) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 21.2 (19.4–23.7) | 20.1 (18.6–39.1) | < 0.001 |
| WBC (109/L) | 9.4 (8.0–10.9) | 8.8 (7.6–10.1) | < 0.001 |
| NEUT (%) | 72.7 (68.5–76.7) | 72.9 (68.7–76.4) | 0.997 |
| RBC (1012/L) | 4.1 (3.8–4.3) | 4.0 (3.7–4.3) | 0.001 |
| HGB (g/L) | 122.0 (116.0–128.4) | 121.8 (113.6–127.0) | 0.005 |
| HCT (%) | 36.5 (34.5–38.3) | 35.8 (33.6–37.8) | < 0.001 |
| PLT (109/L) | 239.0 (205.6–276.1) | 233.5 (199.9–268.0) | 0.004 |
| MPV (fL) | 9.4 (8.5–10.2) | 9.0 (8.1–9.9) | < 0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 13.0 (9.9–20.0) | 12.0 (9.0–18.0) | 0.003 |
| AST (U/L) | 16.0 (13.6–20.0) | 16.0 (14.0–20.0) | 0.621 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 46.0 (41.4–51.0) | 47.1 (42.0– 55.0) | < 0.001 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 241.0 (207.7–241.0) | 235.3 (201.5–269.0) | 0.008 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.6 (4.3–5.0) | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | < 0.001 |
| PT (s) | 12.2 (10.8–12.7) | 12.4 (11.1–12.9) | < 0.001 |
| APTT (s) | 31.8 (28.6–34.3) | 33.2 (29.6–35.2) | < 0.001 |
| FIB (mg/dL) | 4.2 (3.8–4.6) | 4.1 (3.6–4.5) | < 0.001 |
| PAPP-A (MoM) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus, DM Diabetes mellitus, PCOS Polycystic ovary syndrome, BMI Body mass index, WBC White blood cell count, NEUT Neutrophil percentage, RBC Red blood cell count, HGB Hemoglobin, HCT Hematocrit, PLT Platelet count, MPV Mean platelet volume, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, FBG Fasting blood glucose, PT Prothrombin time, APTT Activated partial thromboplastin time, FIB Fibrinogen, PAPP-A Pregnancy associated plasma protein A