Table 3.
Psychological Outcome | Studies | Measurement tools | Prevalence |
---|---|---|---|
Anxiety | [34–36, 38, 39, 42–45] | GAD-7, DASS-21, HADS | 21.9–73.5% |
Depression | [34–36, 38, 39, 42–45] | PHQ-9, GAD-7, HADS | 16.3–71.9% |
PTSD | [34, 37, 40, 41] | IES-R, PSS-10 | 51.6–56.8% |
Stress | [35, 36, 42–44] | IES-R, OSS, PSS-10 | 15.5–63.7% |
Insomnia | [35, 36, 38, 39] | ISI | 12.4–77% |
General psychological disorders | [35] | PSS, PHQ-9 | 36% |
Measures’ descriptions: Depression: PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire. Anxiety: GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, Depression & Anxiety: DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Sleep: ISI Insomnia Severity Index; IES-R Impact of Event Scale; HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, PSS-10 Perceived Stress Scale; PMS-9 Premenstrual Syndrome Scale; OSS Oslo 3 items for social support