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. 2022 Nov 17;10:1000622. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1000622

Table 5.

The influence of model performances whether the variable was included or excluded.

Variables Code of Included or AUC Accuracy Precision Recall F1 Score
variables excluded Mean ±SD Mean ±SD Mean ±SD Mean ±SD Mean ±SD
Age X1 No 0.672 ± 0.085 0.671-0.672 0.733 ± 0.070 0.732-0.733 0.859 ± 0.032
Yes 0.707 ± 0.084 0.707-0.707 0.721 ± 0.088 0.721-0.721 0.867 ± 0.046
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Gender X3 No 0.712 ± 0.128 0.698 ± 0.122 0.717 ± 0.142 0.716 ± 0.180 0.709 ± 0.148
Yes 0.807 ± 0.142 0.780 ± 0.116 0.815 ± 0.142 0.791 ± 0.135 0.795 ± 0.118
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Waistline (cm) X5 No 0.760 ± 0.141 0.747 ± 0.122 0.775 ± 0.145 0.773 ± 0.167 0.767 ± 0.140
Yes 0.797 ± 0.145 0.766 ± 0.122 0.800 ± 0.150 0.771 ± 0.141 0.778 ± 0.127
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0478 P = 0.0117
Weight (Kg) X6 No 0.780 ± 0.142 0.765 ± 0.115 0.796 ± 0.140 0.796 ± 0.150 0.788 ± 0.125
Yes 0.784 ± 0.146 0.758 ± 0.125 0.789 ± 0.151 0.765 ± 0.151 0.769 ± 0.133
P = 0.2130 P = 0.0284 P = 0.2102 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Occupational status X8 No 0.688 ± 0.102 0.701 ± 0.110 0.718 ± 0.124 0.755 ± 0.202 0.729 ± 0.154
Yes 0.802 ± 0.145 0.771 ± 0.121 0.805 ± 0.149 0.776 ± 0.139 0.783 ± 0.125
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.1838 P < 0.0001
Education level X9 No 0.815 ± 0.138 0.776 ± 0.117 0.810 ± 0.145 0.778 ± 0.135 0.786 ± 0.120
Yes 0.759 ± 0.146 0.747 ± 0.125 0.776 ± 0.149 0.768 ± 0.162 0.764 ± 0.139
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0686 P < 0.0001
Family history of diabetes mellitus X10 No 0.760 ± 0.141 0.747 ± 0.121 0.775 ± 0.145 0.769 ± 0.162 0.765 ± 0.138
Yes 0.819 ± 0.144 0.777 ± 0.122 0.814 ± 0.151 0.778 ± 0.133 0.787 ± 0.121
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0558 P < 0.0001
BMI (kg/m2) X11 No 0.767 ± 0.141 0.750 ± 0.122 0.778 ± 0.146 0.768 ± 0.163 0.766 ± 0.138
Yes 0.795 ± 0.147 0.766 ± 0.122 0.800 ± 0.150 0.775 ± 0.142 0.779 ± 0.126
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0002
Health status scores (%) X12 No 0.733 ± 0.130 0.736 ± 0.116 0.761 ± 0.135 0.777 ± 0.183 0.761 ± 0.146
Yes 0.795 ± 0.146 0.764 ± 0.123 0.797 ± 0.150 0.771 ± 0.143 0.777 ± 0.128
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0001 P = 0.0136
Course of diabetes (in months) X13 No 0.736 ± 0.128 0.735 ± 0.117 0.761 ± 0.136 0.766 ± 0.182 0.756 ± 0.146
Yes 0.795 ± 0.146 0.765 ± 0.123 0.798 ± 0.150 0.774 ± 0.143 0.778 ± 0.127
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.9355 P < 0.0001
Medicare status X14 No 0.771 ± 0.146 0.755 ± 0.123 0.785 ± 0.147 0.774 ± 0.158 0.772 ± 0.136
Yes 0.796 ± 0.143 0.763 ± 0.122 0.796 ± 0.149 0.771 ± 0.144 0.775 ± 0.127
P < 0.0001 P = 0.0008 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0906 P = 0.9577
Frequency of FBG measurements X15 No 0.810 ± 0.140 0.776 ± 0.116 0.810 ± 0.144 0.785 ± 0.137 0.790 ± 0.119
Yes 0.768 ± 0.145 0.750 ± 0.125 0.779 ± 0.150 0.765 ± 0.159 0.765 ± 0.137
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Interval of measurement (in days) X16 No 0.794 ± 0.143 0.766 ± 0.121 0.798 ± 0.148 0.776 ± 0.148 0.779 ± 0.129
Yes 0.772 ± 0.146 0.752 ± 0.123 0.783 ± 0.149 0.768 ± 0.155 0.768 ± 0.134
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0736 P < 0.0001
Previous HbA1c value (%) X17 No 0.783 ± 0.143 0.762 ± 0.120 0.793 ± 0.145 0.776 ± 0.151 0.777 ± 0.131
Yes 0.785 ± 0.148 0.755 ± 0.125 0.787 ± 0.153 0.767 ± 0.151 0.768 ± 0.132
P = 0.5126 P = 0.0201 P = 0.0623 P = 0.0117 P = 0.0009
Present HbA1c values (%) X18 No 0.881 ± 0.116 0.805 ± 0.115 0.849 ± 0.150 0.787 ± 0.086 0.808 ± 0.095
Yes 0.776 ± 0.144 0.756 ± 0.122 0.787 ± 0.147 0.771 ± 0.155 0.771 ± 0.134
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.2544 P < 0.0001
Present FBG level X19 No 0.812 ± 0.142 0.777 ± 0.118 0.812 ± 0.146 0.786 ± 0.135 0.791 ± 0.120
Yes 0.757 ± 0.142 0.742 ± 0.124 0.771 ± 0.148 0.760 ± 0.164 0.758 ± 0.140
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Present FBG values (mmoL/L) X20 No 0.781 ± 0.146 0.757 ± 0.125 0.787 ± 0.150 0.767 ± 0.159 0.769 ± 0.137
Yes 0.784 ± 0.144 0.761 ± 0.121 0.792 ± 0.147 0.775 ± 0.147 0.776 ± 0.129
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Present RBG values (mmoL/L) X21 No 0.678 ± 0.083 0.678-0.678 0.708 ± 0.089 0.708-0.708 0.864 ± 0.042
Yes 0.719 ± 0.082 0.719-0.719 0.734 ± 0.083 0.733-0.734 0.868 ± 0.046
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Type of operation or other communicable diseases X23 No 0.803 ± 0.141 0.742 ± 0.131 0.768 ± 0.161 0.725 ± 0.132 0.739 ± 0.131
Yes 0.777 ± 0.146 0.765 ± 0.119 0.798 ± 0.143 0.788 ± 0.154 0.785 ± 0.130
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Number of comorbid diseases X24 No 0.767 ± 0.139 0.744 ± 0.121 0.771 ± 0.146 0.760 ± 0.159 0.759 ± 0.136
Yes 0.794 ± 0.148 0.769 ± 0.122 0.804 ± 0.149 0.780 ± 0.145 0.784 ± 0.128
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Hypertension X25 No 0.727 ± 0.130 0.776 ± 0.094 0.808 ± 0.110 0.850 ± 0.140 0.824 ± 0.109
Yes 0.793 ± 0.145 0.756 ± 0.127 0.788 ± 0.154 0.758 ± 0.149 0.765 ± 0.133
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Hyperlipidemia X26 No 0.827 ± 0.138 0.793 ± 0.108 0.830 ± 0.137 0.801 ± 0.109 0.808 ± 0.100
Yes 0.754 ± 0.142 0.737 ± 0.126 0.764 ± 0.150 0.753 ± 0.171 0.751 ± 0.145
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Intensity of exercise X34 No 0.787 ± 0.139 0.759 ± 0.120 0.789 ± 0.145 0.768 ± 0.147 0.772 ± 0.129
Yes 0.780 ± 0.150 0.759 ± 0.125 0.792 ± 0.151 0.776 ± 0.155 0.776 ± 0.134
P = 0.0188 P = 0.4927 P = 0.1874 P = 0.0002 P = 0.0145
Exercise session (mins/day) X35 No 0.751 ± 0.139 0.745 ± 0.118 0.774 ± 0.142 0.784 ± 0.174 0.770 ± 0.141
Yes 0.791 ± 0.145 0.763 ± 0.123 0.795 ± 0.150 0.769 ± 0.145 0.775 ± 0.129
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.8408
Had a ration and reasonable eating X36 No 0.769 ± 0.141 0.722 ± 0.139 0.748 ± 0.164 0.687 ± 0.154 0.710 ± 0.150
Yes 0.784 ± 0.145 0.762 ± 0.121 0.794 ± 0.147 0.778 ± 0.149 0.778 ± 0.129
P = 0.0545 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Sleep duration X37 No 0.758 ± 0.137 0.749 ± 0.117 0.777 ± 0.140 0.776 ± 0.161 0.770 ± 0.135
Yes 0.807 ± 0.148 0.768 ± 0.126 0.803 ± 0.155 0.769 ± 0.141 0.778 ± 0.129
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0008 P = 0.0224
Psychological status X38 No 0.765 ± 0.140 0.750 ± 0.120 0.778 ± 0.143 0.771 ± 0.158 0.768 ± 0.134
Yes 0.806 ± 0.148 0.770 ± 0.125 0.806 ± 0.153 0.773 ± 0.143 0.781 ± 0.128
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.9048 P < 0.0001
EQ-5D scores X39 No 0.813 ± 0.140 0.751 ± 0.132 0.781 ± 0.162 0.729 ± 0.131 0.747 ± 0.131
Yes 0.750 ± 0.143 0.769 ± 0.109 0.802 ± 0.130 0.822 ± 0.157 0.804 ± 0.125
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Duration of treatment regimen (in months) X41 No 0.709 ± 0.116 0.759 ± 0.098 0.786 ± 0.112 0.838 ± 0.172 0.806 ± 0.132
Yes 0.790 ± 0.145 0.759 ± 0.124 0.791 ± 0.151 0.766 ± 0.148 0.771 ± 0.131
P < 0.0001 P = 0.1224 P = 0.0054 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Type of insulin used X42 No 0.760 ± 0.138 0.755 ± 0.116 0.785 ± 0.138 0.785 ± 0.158 0.778 ± 0.132
Yes 0.803 ± 0.147 0.762 ± 0.128 0.796 ± 0.156 0.762 ± 0.145 0.770 ± 0.131
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0008
Use of insulin X43 No 0.764 ± 0.141 0.750 ± 0.119 0.779 ± 0.143 0.776 ± 0.159 0.770 ± 0.134
Yes 0.804 ± 0.146 0.769 ± 0.125 0.804 ± 0.153 0.768 ± 0.143 0.778 ± 0.129
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0095
Times of insulin use X44 No 0.774 ± 0.142 0.750 ± 0.121 0.779 ± 0.147 0.762 ± 0.153 0.763 ± 0.133
Yes 0.788 ± 0.146 0.764 ± 0.123 0.797 ± 0.149 0.778 ± 0.150 0.780 ± 0.130
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Dose of basal insulin (U) X45 No 0.751 ± 0.138 0.744 ± 0.118 0.771 ± 0.141 0.775 ± 0.164 0.766 ± 0.137
Yes 0.812 ± 0.145 0.772 ± 0.125 0.808 ± 0.153 0.770 ± 0.139 0.781 ± 0.127
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Dose of non-basal insulin in morning (U) X46 No 0.763 ± 0.138 0.746 ± 0.121 0.773 ± 0.144 0.763 ± 0.160 0.761 ± 0.136
Yes 0.805 ± 0.149 0.774 ± 0.123 0.809 ± 0.151 0.782 ± 0.141 0.787 ± 0.125
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Dose of non-basal insulin in afternoon (U) X48 No 0.776 ± 0.142 0.755 ± 0.120 0.785 ± 0.145 0.771 ± 0.153 0.771 ± 0.132
Yes 0.795 ± 0.149 0.766 ± 0.125 0.800 ± 0.153 0.774 ± 0.149 0.779 ± 0.131
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.3904 P = 0.0016
Number of oral drugs X49 No 0.731 ± 0.127 0.742 ± 0.115 0.770 ± 0.133 0.773 ± 0.187 0.765 ± 0.149
Yes 0.791 ± 0.146 0.762 ± 0.123 0.794 ± 0.150 0.772 ± 0.145 0.775 ± 0.129
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0158 P = 0.5867
Use of other types of drugs X50 No 0.692 ± 0.084 0.692-0.692 0.738 ± 0.065 0.738-0.739 0.860 ± 0.036
Yes 0.707 ± 0.084 0.707-0.707 0.716 ± 0.093 0.716-0.716 0.869 ± 0.048
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Use of metformin X51 No 0.687 ± 0.098 0.715 ± 0.108 0.736 ± 0.120 0.782 ± 0.205 0.751 ± 0.156
Yes 0.798 ± 0.145 0.766 ± 0.123 0.799 ± 0.150 0.771 ± 0.141 0.777 ± 0.127
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0002
Dose of metformin X52 No 0.767 ± 0.141 0.761 ± 0.118 0.792 ± 0.141 0.784 ± 0.159 0.781 ± 0.133
Yes 0.798 ± 0.147 0.758 ± 0.126 0.790 ± 0.155 0.762 ± 0.144 0.767 ± 0.130
P < 0.0001 P = 0.5662 P = 0.5470 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
Type of manufacturers of metformin X53 No 0.759 ± 0.138 0.747 ± 0.119 0.775 ± 0.142 0.767 ± 0.162 0.764 ± 0.136
Yes 0.805 ± 0.148 0.770 ± 0.124 0.805 ± 0.152 0.776 ± 0.141 0.782 ± 0.127
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0377 P < 0.0001
α-Glucosidase inhibitors X54 No 0.708 ± 0.120 0.739 ± 0.112 0.764 ± 0.128 0.799 ± 0.180 0.776 ± 0.143
Yes 0.809 ± 0.144 0.766 ± 0.125 0.800 ± 0.154 0.763 ± 0.139 0.773 ± 0.128
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.0007
Sulfonylureas X55 No 0.746 ± 0.135 0.741 ± 0.119 0.768 ± 0.140 0.769 ± 0.168 0.762 ± 0.139
Yes 0.816 ± 0.145 0.775 ± 0.123 0.811 ± 0.152 0.775 ± 0.135 0.784 ± 0.123
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.8960 P < 0.0001
DPP-4 inhibitors X57 No 0.761 ± 0.139 0.753 ± 0.117 0.783 ± 0.140 0.779 ± 0.159 0.774 ± 0.134
Yes 0.804 ± 0.147 0.765 ± 0.127 0.798 ± 0.155 0.766 ± 0.143 0.774 ± 0.130
P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001 P = 0.5225