Table 2.

Implementation outcomes and their definitions (adapted from Proctor et al. [2011] [41])

Implementation Outcomes	Level of Analysis	Implementation Stage	Definition
Acceptability	Provider, consumer	Early, ongoing, late	The perception among implementation stakeholders that a given treatment, service, practice, or innovation is agreeable, palatable, or satisfactory.
Adoption	Provider, organization, or setting	Early to mid	The intention, initial decision, or action to try or to use an innovation or an evidence-based practice.
Appropriateness	Provider, consumer, organization, or setting	Early (i.e., before adoption)	The perceived fit, relevance, or compatibility of the innovation or evidence-based practice for a given practice setting, provider, or consumer; or the perceived fit of the innovation to address a particular issue or problem.
Cost	Provider or providing institution	Ealy, mid, late	The cost impact of an implementation effort.
Feasibility	Provider	Early (i.e., during adoption)	The extent to which a new treatment or an innovation can be successfully used or carried out within a given agency or setting (e.g., participation rates for the program, retention).
Fidelity	Provider	Early to mid	The degree to which an intervention was implemented as it was prescribed in the original protocol or as it was intended by the program developers.
Penetration	Organization or setting	Mid to late	The integration of a practice within a service setting and its subsystems.
Sustainability	Administrators, organization, or setting	Late	The extent to which a newly implemented treatment is maintained or institutionalized within a service setting’s ongoing, stable operations.