Table 2.

Retinal astrocytes changes in glaucoma.

Species, model, disease stage	Retinal astrocytes	References
SD rats, 3 days of OHT	GFAP ↓	Kanamori et al. (2005)
SD rats, >2 weeks of OHT	GFAP ↑	Kanamori et al. (2005)
SD rats, 2–3 weeks of OHT	Decreased AROA	Ramírez et al. (2010) and Gallego et al. (2012)
Swiss mice, 2–3 weeks of OHT	Decreased AROA	Ramírez et al. (2010) and Gallego et al. (2012)
DBA/2J mice, 10–12months	Cell redistribution; variable GFAP expression	Formichella et al. (2014)
Human, late stage (postmortem)	Peripapillary regions: GFAP↑, Cx43 ↑ Mid-peripheral and peripheral retinas: GFAP GFAP ↓	Wang et al. (2002) and Kerr et al. (2011)

AROA, Area of the retina occupied by astrocytes; OHT, Ocular hypertension. Up arrow indicates increased expression of indicated proteins, down arrow indicates decreased expression of indicated proteins.