Table 2.

Meta-analysis results related to relationship between leadership in HEIs and academic staff’s job satisfaction.

Variables	K	N	r	95% CI (Confidence Interval)		Q	Q b
				Lower Limit	Upper Limit
Leadership and job satisfaction	57	7,283	0.374	0.247	0.502	2866.371*
Moderator [Leadership style]							51.786*
Transformation	19		0.569*	0.392	0.746
Transactional	13		0.265*	0.052	0.478
Passive	9		−0.412*	−0.669	−0.156
Servant	5		0.658*	0.313	1.003
Spiritual	2		0.894*	0.354	1.435
Other	9		0.632*	0.375	0.890
Moderator [The continent]							6.219
America	22		0.273*	0.063	0.484
Asia	20		0.316*	0.096	0.536
Africa	6		0.373	−0.028	0.773
Europe	9		0.754*	0.424	1.084
Moderator [The national culture]							710
Collectivist	26		0.348*	0.157	0.538
Individualistic	31		0.397*	0.221	0.573
Moderator [Human development index]							0.682
Low	5		0.332	−0.110	0.774
Medium	4		0.319	−0.175	0.812
High	6		0.612*	0.207	1.016
Very high	42		0.350*	0.197	0.504

^*p < 0.01.