Skip to main content
. 2022 Nov 17;13:992768. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992768

Table 2.

Night measurement means, standard deviations, F values, 0.95 confidence intervals for condition mean differences, significance, and partial eta-squared effect sizes.

Variable Rumination
M (SD)
Compassionate reappraisal
M (SD)
F Mean difference
0.95 CI
p η2
Linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC)
Forgiveness 0.22 (0.51) 0.44 (0.83) 8.62 −0.36, −0.07 0.004 0.049
Positive emotion 3.31 (2.18) 4.61 (3.33) 21.30 −1.85, −0.74 <0.001 0.112
Negative emotion 2.99 (2.15) 2.26 (1.97) 11.30 0.30, 1.16 0.001 0.063
Social 14.37 (4.31) 15.46 (4.94) 5.85 −1.99, −0.20 0.017 0.033
State self-report scales and ratings
Anger scale 18.39 (7.26) 13.55 (5.22) 102.12 3.89, 5.78 <0.001 0.377
Negative-to-positive rating 3.56 (1.43) 4.74 (1.30) 112.74 −1.40, −0.96 <0.001 0.400
Arousal rating 3.29 (1.67) 2.19 (1.31) 77.03 0.85, 1.35 <0.001 0.313
Perceived control rating 4.87 (1.74) 5.26 (1.67) 8.55 −0.65, −0.13 0.004 0.048
Sadness rating 3.92 (2.00) 2.95 (1.66) 51.44 0.70, 1.23 <0.001 0.233
Empathy scale 10.96 (8.66) 16.35 (10.03) 122.98 −6.35, −4.43 <0.001 0.421
Forgiveness scale 59.83 (13.05) 63.77 (13.03) 46.25 −5.09, −2.80 <0.001 0.215

Single item ratings for anger, empathy, and forgiveness showed the same reliable differences between rumination and compassionate reappraisal as each of their respective scales (all Fs ≥ 52.62, all ps ﹤ .001, and all 𝜂2s ≥ 0.24). Possible score ranges are reported in the Measures section of the Method.