Table 2. Intra-differences analysis between initial and current levels of anxiety, stress, and depression using paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni-correction.
Initial level | Current level | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic parameter | Mean | Median | Mean | Median | z | p | |
(SD) | (Q1-Q3) | (SD) | (Q1-Q3) | ||||
Anxiety | |||||||
Gender | Female | 2.66 (1.14) | 3 (2–3) | 1.55 (0.76) | 1 (1–2) | 6.69 | <0.001* |
Male | 2.16 (1.07) | 2 (1–3) | 1.59 (0.75) | 1 (1–2) | 3.25 | 0.001 | |
Teaching experience (yrs.) | < 20 years | 2.6 (1.14) | 3 (2–3) | 1.56 (0.81) | 1 (1–2) | 5.87 | <0.001* |
≥ 20 years | 2.32 (1.12) | 2 (1–3) | 1.57 (0.69) | 1 (1–2) | 4.54 | <0.001* | |
Subject No. | < 5 subjects | 2.54 (1.16) | 2 (2–3) | 1.6 (0.75) | 1 (1–2) | 6.18 | <0.001* |
≥ 5 subjects | 2.37 (1.09) | 2 (1–3) | 1.49 (0.77) | 1 (1–2) | 4.13 | <0.001* | |
Weekly teaching hours (hrs.) | 5 to < 10 | 2.57 (1.03) | 3 (2–3) | 1.62 (0.81) | 1 (1–2) | 4.66 | <0.001* |
10 to < 15 | 2.42 (1.18) | 2 (1–3) | 1.53 (0.72) | 1 (1–2) | 4.41 | <0.001* | |
15 to < 20 | 2.42 (1.17) | 3 (1–3) | 1.42 (0.69) | 1 (1–2) | 2.59 | 0.010 | |
≥20 | 2.47 (1.31) | 2 (1–3) | 1.63 (0.76) | 1 (1–2) | 2.93 | 0.003 | |
Psychological distress before COVID-19 | No | 2.26 (1.09) | 2 (1–3) | 1.4 (0.63) | 1 (1–2) | 6.19 | <0.001* |
Yes | 3 (1.08) | 3 (2–4) | 1.95 (0.88) | 2 (1–3) | 4.13 | <0.001* | |
Previous experience with online learning | No | 2.51 (1.17) | 2 (1.5–3) | 1.53 (0.74) | 1 (1–2) | 6.90 | <0.001* |
Yes | 2.33 (0.92) | 2 (2–3) | 1.71 (0.81) | 2 (1–2) | 2.56 | 0.011 | |
Major life-changing due COVID-19 | No | 2.48 (1.1) | 2 (2–3) | 1.53 (0.72) | 1 (1–2) | 6.71 | <0.001* |
Yes | 2.48 (1.27) | 2 (1–3) | 1.69 (0.89) | 1 (1–2) | 3.18 | 0.001 | |
Stress | |||||||
Gender | Female | 2.53 (1.2) | 3 (1–3) | 1.63 (0.83) | 1 (1–2) | 6.11 | <0.001* |
Male | 2.04 (1) | 2 (1–3) | 1.73 (0.92) | 1 (1–2) | 1.90 | 0.06 | |
Teaching experience (yrs.). | < 20 years | 2.49 (1.24) | 3 (1–3) | 1.73 (0.92) | 1 (1–2) | 4.63 | <0.001* |
≥ 20 years | 2.17 (1.02) | 2 (1–3) | 1.59 (0.78) | 1 (1–2) | 4.17 | <0.001* | |
Subject No. | < 5 subjects | 2.46 (1.2) | 2 (1–3) | 1.73 (0.9) | 1 (1–2) | 4.99 | <0.001* |
≥ 5 subjects | 2.14 (1.04) | 2 (1–3) | 1.55 (0.77) | 1 (1–2) | 3.86 | <0.001* | |
Weekly teaching hours (hrs.) | 5 to < 10 | 2.45 (1.14) | 2 (2–3) | 1.66 (0.94) | 1 (1–2) | 3.80 | <0.001* |
10 to < 15 | 2.19 (1.16) | 2 (1–3) | 1.68 (0.83) | 1 (1–2) | 3.27 | 0.001 | |
15 to < 20 | 2.42 (1.26) | 2 (1–3) | 1.63 (0.83) | 1 (1–2) | 2.55 | 0.011 | |
≥20 | 2.47 (1.12) | 2 (2–3) | 1.68 (0.82) | 1 (1–2) | 2.80 | 0.005 | |
Psychological distress before COVID-19 | No | 2.05 (1.08) | 2 (1–3) | 1.48 (0.73) | 1 (1–2) | 4.68 | <0.001* |
Yes | 3.1 (0.98) | 3 (2–4) | 2.12 (0.99) | 2 (1–3) | 4.08 | <0.001* | |
Previous experience with online learning | No | 2.37 (1.19) | 2 (1–3) | 1.63 (0.87) | 1 (1–2) | 5.75 | <0.001* |
Yes | 2.29 (1) | 2 (1.5–3) | 1.83 (0.82) | 2 (1–2) | 2.34 | 0.019 | |
Major life-changing due COVID-19 | No | 2.33 (1.14) | 2 (1–3) | 1.65 (0.86) | 1 (1–2) | 5.58 | <0.001* |
Yes | 2.45 (1.21) | 2 (1–3) | 1.72 (0.88) | 1 (1–2) | 2.70 | 0.006 | |
Depression | |||||||
Gender | Female | 2.09 (1.15) | 2 (1–3) | 1.63 (1) | 1 (1–2) | 3.96 | <0.001* |
Male | 1.75 (0.91) | 2 (1–2) | 1.67 (0.86) | 1 (1–2) | 0.73 | 0.463 | |
Teaching experience (yrs.). | < 20 years | 1.99 (1.08) | 2 (1–3) | 1.54 (0.87) | 1 (1–2) | 3.87 | <0.001* |
≥ 20 years | 1.94 (1.09) | 2 (1–3) | 1.78 (1.04) | 1 (1–3) | 1.30 | 0.192 | |
Subject No. | < 5 subjects | 2.07 (1.19) | 2 (1–3) | 1.74 (1.03) | 1 (1–3) | 3.12 | 0.002 |
≥ 5 subjects | 1.76 (0.8) | 2 (1–2) | 1.47 (0.74) | 1 (1–2) | 2.33 | 0.020 | |
Weekly teaching hours (hrs.) | 5 to < 10 | 1.96 (1.13) | 2 (1–3) | 1.58 (0.91) | 1 (1–2) | 2.94 | 0.003 |
10 to < 15 | 1.85 (0.95) | 2 (1–2) | 1.7 (1.01) | 1 (1–2) | 1.29 | 0.196 | |
15 to < 20 | 1.95 (1.27) | 1 (1–3) | 1.32 (0.67) | 1 (1–1) | 2.17 | 0.030 | |
≥20 | 2.32 (1.11) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1.05) | 2 (1–3) | 1.22 | 0.221 | |
Psychological distress before COVID-19 | No | 1.68 (0.91) | 1 (1–2) | 1.39 (0.71) | 1 (1–2) | 3.23 | 0.001 |
Yes | 2.67 (1.14) | 3 (2–3) | 2.26 (1.17) | 2 (1–3) | 2.15 | 0.032 | |
Previous experience with online learning | No | 1.96 (1.1) | 2 (1–3) | 1.62 (0.95) | 1 (1–2) | 3.64 | <0.001* |
Yes | 2 (0.98) | 2 (1–3) | 1.75 (0.94) | 1 (1–2.5) | 1.26 | 0.209 | |
Major life-changing due COVID-19 | No | 1.89 (1.01) | 2 (1–3) | 1.63 (0.97) | 1 (1–2) | 0.30 | 0.003 |
Yes | 2.28 (1.31) | 2 (1–3) | 1.69 (0.89) | 1 (1–2) | 2.61 | 0.009 |
* significant at p<0.00104