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. 2022 Dec 1;17(12):e0278311. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278311

Table 5. Spearman rank order correlations between major online learning concerns and demographic parameters.

Demographic parameter Major online learning concerns
Unable to follow-up with the students (35.4%) Students will cheat (29.9%) Students will not pay attention (64.6%) Technical difficulties during classes (36.1%) Students participate/engage less (79.2%)
Gender Φ -0.032 -0.039 -0.028 0.018 0.022
Teaching experience (yrs.). 0.047 -0.017 0.026 -0.070 -0.025
Subject No. 0.051 0.202* 0.117 0.106 0.084
Weekly teaching hours (hrs.) 0.030 0.063 0.082 0.028 0.192*
Psychological distress before COVID-19 -0.028 0.149 -0.068 0.027 -0.085
Remote teaching before COVID-19 Φ -0.058 -0.088 -0.019 0.052 -0.138
Major life-changing due COVID-19 Φ 0.063 0.013 0.118 0.235* 0.130

* Significant at p<0.05

Φ Calculated using phi coefficient