Table 3. Children’s demographic characteristics and online risks by gaming preferences.

	Total		Non-player		Single-player		Multi-player
Variables	N	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	P value
Gender									<0.001***
Girl	1418	52.5	272	65.5	466	55.4	546	37.8
Boy	1284	47.5	143	34.5	375	44.6	900	62.2
Grade									0.197
3rd grade	1200	44.3	199	47.6	380	45.0	621	42.9
4th grade	1511	55.7	219	52.4	464	55.0	828	57.1
Resident location									0.165
Urban	1135	41.9	175	41.9	375	44.4	585	40.4
Rural	1576	58.1	243	58.1	469	55.6	864	59.6
Region									< .001***
Taiwan	1534	56.6	185	44.3	505	59.8	844	58.3
China	1177	43.4	233	55.7	339	40.2	605	41.8
Mobile gaming addiction									< .001***
Yes	330	12.2	0	0.0	76	9.0	254	17.5
No	2381	87.8	418	100.0	768	91.0	1195	82.5
Mobile violent game playing									< .001***
Yes	623	23.1	0	0.0	123	14.6	502	34.7
No	2079	76.9	415	100.0	718	85.4	944	65.3
Mobile violence exposure									< .001***
Yes	741	27.4	71	17.1	205	24.4	517	35.7
No	1965	72.6	345	82.9	636	75.6	932	64.3
Mobile pornography exposure									< .001***
Yes	448	16.6	34	8.2	137	16.3	287	19.9
No	2252	83.4	382	91.8	703	83.7	1158	80.1
Cyber victimization									< .001***
Yes	295	10.9	14	3.4	60	7.1	221	15.3
No	2413	89.1	404	96.7	782	92.9	1227	84.7
Cyber aggression									< .001***
Yes	116	4.3	1	0.2	22	2.6	93	6.4
No	2593	95.7	417	99.8	821	97.4	1355	93.6

Note. Chi-squared tests were conducted.

Mobile gaming preferences comparison results show that multi-players have higher rates of online risks compared with that of either single-players or non-players.

*p<0.05 **p<0.01 ***p<0.001