Table 4. Children’s mobile gaming time and SDQ by gaming preferences.

	Non-player		Single-player		Multi-player
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P value	Post-hoc tests
Mobile gaming time (hr/week)	0.0	0.0	5.17	9.31	8.82	13.41	< .001***	M>S>N
Parent-child relationship	2.83	0.34	2.82	0.37	2.79	0.39	0.174
SDQ attributes
Total difficulties	10.11	5.65	11.12	5.63	12.15	5.41	< .001***	M>S>N
Prosocial behaviors	7.47	2.30	7.23	2.35	7.00	2.31	0.001***	N>M

Note. ANOVA tests were conducted. Post-hoc tests were analyzed by Scheffe’s test.

Non-player n = 415; Single-player n = 841; Multi-player n = 1446.

N, non-player; S, single-player; M, multi-player.

Mobile gaming preferences comparison results show that multi-players spend a greater amount of time on mobile gaming and have higher scores for total difficulties and lower scores for prosocial behaviors by comparison with either single-players or non-players.

*p<0.05 **p<0.01 ***p<0.001