Table 2.
Odds ratios and 95% CIs for the associations between baseline characteristics and improvements in ego identity and adult ADHD levels after meditation classes.
| Individual characteristics | Adult ADHD | Ego identity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariate adjusted OR | p value | Multivariate adjusted OR | p value | |
| Baseline level before meditation class | 1.05 (1.03–1.08) | <0.01 | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | <0.01 |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 1.12 (0.64–1.97) | 0.69 | 3.04 (1.66–5.59) | <0.01 |
| Women | Ref | Ref | ||
| Grade | ||||
| Freshmen | Ref | Ref | ||
| Sophomore | 0.61 (0.33–1.15) | 0.17 | 1.06 (0.55–2.03) | 0.53 |
| Junior | 1.44 (0.64–3.20) | 0.09 | 2.13 (0.93–4.89) | 0.08 |
| Senior | 0.61 (0.23–1.61) | 0.34 | 1.05 (0.39–2.87) | 0.65 |
| Major | ||||
| College of humanities and social sciences | Ref | Ref | ||
| College of science | 1.30 (0.71–2.38) | 0.47 | 0.63 (0.34–1.17) | 0.17 |
| College of arts and sports, others | 1.19 (0.50–2.81) | 0.43 | 2.10 (0.83–5.36) | 0.48 |
| College of education | 3.58 (1.25–10.23) | 0.03 | 5.48 (1.70–17.63) | <0.01 |
| Adjusting to college life | ||||
| Good | 2.04 (1.05–4.00) | 0.04 | 1.59 (0.82–3.09) | 0.17 |
| Poor | Ref | Ref | ||
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| First (highest) | 1.62 (0.73–3.58) | 0.56 | 1.78 (0.78–4.05) | 0.21 |
| Second | 1.86 (0.82–4.20) | 0.21 | 1.47 (0.63–3.42) | 0.75 |
| Third (lowest) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Religion | ||||
| Protestantism, Catholic, atheism or others | Ref | Ref | ||
| Buddhism | 2.05 (0.82–4.20) | 0.13 | 2.58 (1.00–6.61) | 0.05 |
| Knowledge of Buddhism | 1.02 (0.68–1.55) | 0.91 | 0.73 (0.47–1.11) | 0.14 |
| Importance of religion in life | 0.98 (0.75–1.27) | 0.85 | 0.95 (0.73–1.25) | 0.73 |