Table 2. Treatment variables of dogs with snake bites.
| Treatment (n = 70) | No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Vials of antivenom | ||
| 1–2 | 53 (76) | |
| 0 | 17 (24) | |
| Analgesic | ||
| Tramadol | 29 (41) | |
| Hydromorphone | 10 (14) | |
| TLK CRI | 8 (11) | |
| Fentanyl CRI | 2 (3) | |
| Butorphanol | 1 (1) | |
| None | 20 (29) | |
| Fluid | ||
| N/S | 29 (41) | |
| Plasma-Lyte | 12 (17) | |
| H/S | 6 (8) | |
| 5% DW | 1 (1) | |
| 2.5% DW | 2 (3) | |
| None | 20 (29) | |
| Fluid rate (mL/kg/h) | ||
| 2.5 | 26 (37) | |
| 5 | 17 (24) | |
| 10 | 1 (1) | |
| 30 | 1 (1) | |
| None | 25 (36) | |
| Chlorpheniramine | 51 (73) | |
| Glucocorticoids | 32 (46) | |
| Antibiotic | 62 (89) | |
TLK, tramadol lidocaine ketamine; CRI, constant rate infusion; N/S, normal saline; H/S: Hartmann’s solution; DW, dextrose water.