Table 1.

Exemplary items

Scale	Item stem	Extension
Expression
Overt grandiosity (EXH)	When someone likes to be noticed by people	This is because they consider themselves noteworthy
Covert vulnerability (EXH)	When someone likes to be noticed by people	This is because they secretly feel too little regard
Overt vulnerability (DIS)	When someone is slow to trust people	This is because they are afraid to be disappointed
Covert grandiosity (DIS)	When someone is slow to trust people	This is because they have a low opinion of others
Developmental antecedents
Parental overvaluation (AS)	When someone aspires for greatness	This results from their parents idealizing them and putting them on a pedestal when they were a child
Parental coldness (AS)	When someone aspires for greatness	This results from their parents being cold and treating them in an indifferent manner when they were a child
Parental overvaluation (SH)	When someone feels ashamed when people judge them	This results from their parents idealizing them and putting them on a pedestal when they were a child
Parental coldness (SH)	When someone feels ashamed when people judge them	This results from their parents being cold and treating them in an indifferent manner when they were a child
Likability
Grandiose narcissism (MP)	Someone, who is pretty good at manipulating people,	Is [...] to me
Vulnerable narcissism (NA)	Someone, who often feels as if they need compliments from others in order to be sure of themself,	Is [...] to me

Note. These items are for a clearer visualization and were not used in our study that was conducted in German language. Item parts identical (except for conjugation) to the original items are printed in bold font. They were transformed from first to third person. EXH exhibitionism, DIS distrust, AS acclaim seeking, SH shame, MP manipulativeness, NA Need for Admiration