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. 2022 Dec 1;12:20719. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24610-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Map indicating the approximate locations of the most relevant sites discussed in this manuscript: (1) western Cuban caves, including the Majaguas Upper cave (this study), Torch Cave (Santo Tomás Cave System)¹³, and Dos Anas Cave (Majaguas-Cantera Cave System)⁶; (2) Terciopelo Cave, Costa Rica¹⁵; (3) Sediment core ODP 999A, Caribbean Sea¹⁶; (4) Sediment core MDO3-2621, Cariaco Basin¹⁷; (5) Sediment cores ODP 1063 and CDH19, Bermuda Rise^18–21; (6) Botuvera cave, SE Brazil²²; (7) NGRIP Ice core, Greenland^23–28. The Atlantic Ocean circulation patterns and typical positions of winter and summer ITCZ are shown as well. The map was made using Adobe Illustrator.