Table 3.

The performance of microalgae production in urine.

Microalgae	Cultivation media	Dilution	Biomass Xt, g L−1	Productivity β, g L−1 day−1	Lipids, g L−1	Protein/Fatty acid content, %	Supplements	Refs.
C. vulgaris	RHU	n.d./100a	0.73/0.59VSS	0.08/0.06VSS	n.a.	n.a.	Trace elements	Jaatinen et al. (2016)
		25–300	0.48 − 0.60VSS	0.05–0.07VSS	n.a.	n.a.	–
C. sorokiniana	RHU	6	1.8	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	–	de Wilt et al. (2016)
			2.7	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	With micropollutants
	SHU	n.d.	5.5	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
D. abundans	RHU	n.d.	n.a.	14.5	n.a.	n.a.	–	Piltz and Melkonian (2017)
C. soroliniana	RHU	2	n.a.	14.8	0.9–3.6	38–48/(16 − 25w/w)	Mg and P	Tuantet et al. (2014)
	SHU	2	7.5	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	P
S. acuminatus	RHU	20 and 15	0.34	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	–	Chatterjee et al. (2019)
C. vulgaris	RHU	30	2.14	0.313	n.a.	n.a.	–	Nguyen et al. (2021)
S. platensis	RHU	120	0.81	n.a.	19.8	35.4	–	Chang et al. (2013)
	SHU		0.75/1.17/1.75	n.a.	17.2/17.5/17.9	36.2/56.4/60.2	−/100/200 mg L−1 CH3COONa
S. platensis	RHU/SHU	180	2.32/2.40	n.a.	20.43/17.58%	32.4/34.78	–	Feng and Wu (2006)
C. soroliniana	RHU	2	n.a.	9.3	16%–25% w/w	43%–53% w/w	Mg2+	Tuantet et al. (2013)
S. platensis	SHU/RHU	n.d.	1.05/2.9–3.4	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	–	Yang et al. (2008)
C. sorokiniana	Swineb	2	5.54	n.a.	n.a.	0.27 g L−1 day−1	–	Chen et al. (2020)
		2	8.08	n.a.	n.a.	0.272 g L−1 day−1	–

^an.a. represents “not available”; n.d., no dilution.

^bSwine wastewater was listed for comparison.