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. 2022 Dec 1;12:20705. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25204-3

Table 5.

Bioactive compounds identified in P. guineense seeds.

Peak Compound Relative Abundance (%) Molecular Formula Retention Time (Mins.) Molecular Weight (g/mol) Structure Biological activity
1 2-Pentanone,4-cyclohexylidene -3,3-diethyl 2.390 C15H26O 12.633 222.20 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Fign_HTML.gif Antivenom25
2 Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy- 2.373 C7H6O3 13.331 138.03 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Figo_HTML.gif Antimicrobial26
3 Trans-Ferulic acid 2.121 C10H10O4 13.605 194.16 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Figp_HTML.gif Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory UV absorptive27,28
4 Propenoic acid, 3-(1-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-4-pyrazolyl)- 3.100 C10H14N2O2 13.771 194.11 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Figq_HTML.gif –
5 Thiazolidin-4-one,5-(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-2-thioxo- 1.985 C18H16N2O3S2 14.035 372.06 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Figr_HTML.gif Antioxidant, Antitumor29
6 5,6,7,4′-Tetramethoxy Flavanone 1.810 C19H20O6 14.727 344.13 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Figs_HTML.gif Anticancer30,31
7 Taxifolin 2.014 C15H12O7 15.093 304.06 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Figt_HTML.gif Antioxidant32,33
8 Taxifolin 7.922 C15H12O7 15.597 304.06 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Figu_HTML.gif Antioxidant32,33
9 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy- 7-methoxy- 2-methyl- 50.177 C11H10O4 16.169 206.06 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Figv_HTML.gif Antimicrobial34
10 Lathodoratin 2.601 C11H10O4 17.004 206.06 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Figw_HTML.gif Antitumor35 Anti-inflammatory36 Antispasmolytic37
11 Quinoline, 2-(2-pyridinyl)- 20.202 C14H10N2 17.113 206.04 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Figx_HTML.gif Antimalarial, Anticancer, Antihelmintic 38
12 Hesperetin 3.304 C16H14O6 17.914 302.08 graphic file with name 41598_2022_25204_Figy_HTML.gif Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory39,40