Table 1.
Baseline demographics
| Characteristic | Implanted (n = 70) | HFPEF (LVEF >40) (n = 27) | HFREF (LVEF ≤40) (n = 43) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 71.0 (10.0) | 74.0 (9.6) | 69.0 (9.9) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 50 (71.4) | 16 (59.3) | 34 (79.1) |
| White race, n (%) | 66 (94.3) | 25 (92.6) | 41 (95.3) |
| Body‐mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.7 (5.8) | 29.3 (4.1) | 28.3 (6.6) |
| Medical history | |||
| Patients without HFH a in previous year but met condition of NT‐proBNP or BNP at screening, n (%) | 15 (21.4) | 7 (25.9) | 6 (14.0) |
| Patients who had at least 1 HFH a in past 12 months but did not meet the condition of NT‐proBNP or BNP at screening, n (%) | 10 (14.3) | 4 (14.8) | 8 (18.6) |
| Patients who had at least 1 HFH a in past 12 months and met the condition of NT‐proBNP or BNP at screening, n (%) | 45 (64.3) | 16 (59.3) | 29 (67.4) |
| CRT or CRT‐D device, n (%) | 13 (18.6) | 1 (3.7) | 12 (27.9) |
| ICD device, n (%) | 22 (31.4) | 1 (3.7) | 21 (48.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 32 (45.7) | 14 (51.9) | 18 (41.8) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 51 (72.9) | 21 (77.8) | 30 (69.8) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 9 (12.9) | 2 (7.4) | 7 (16.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 46 (65.7) | 19 (70.3) | 27 (62.8) |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 22 (31.4) | 8 (29.6) | 14 (32.6) |
| Laboratory | |||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%), mean (SD) | 36.7 (14.1) | 52.1 (5.9) | 27.1 (7.4) |
| N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (pg/mL), mean (SD) | 2316.9 (3907.2) | 1239.5 (1096.7) | 3055.7 (4883.4) |
| Haemodynamics | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 119.9 (19.7) | 133.7 (22.9) | 116.7 (13.9) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 67.6 (11.8) | 73.9 (15.6) | 67.9 (10.1) |
| Heart rate (beats per min), mean (SD) | 71.4 (10.5) | 78.0 (19.7) | 72.0 (11.8) |
| Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 41.1 (19.5) | 52.8 (22.7) | 38.1 (13.3) |
| Diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 16.4 (10.7) | 18.6 (7.5) | 13.2 (7.5) |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 24.7 (14.4) | 30.7 (11.9) | 22.6 (9.1) |
| Right atrial pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 7.6 (5.6) | 10.1 (5.4) | 6.0 (5.1) |
| Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 15.4 (7.2) | 17.0 (7.0) | 14.2 (7.5) |
| Cardiac output (L/min), mean (SD) | 4.9 (1.5) | 5.0 (1.7) | 4.7 (1.4) |
| Cardiac Index (L/min/m2), mean (SD) | 2.8 (3.2) | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.3 (0.6) |
| Heart failure medication | |||
| Agents acting on the renin‐angiotensin system, n (%) | 55 (77.1) | 17 (63.0) | 38 (88.4) |
| Angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitor | 27 (38.6) | 3 (11.1) | 24 (55.8) |
| Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 9 (12.9) | 5 (18.5) | 4 (9.3) |
| ACE inhibitor | 19 (27.1) | 10 (37.0) | 9 (20.9) |
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 54 (77.1) | 18 (66.7) | 36 (83.7) |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 61 (88.6) | 25 (92.6) | 36 (83.7) |
| Aldosterone antagonist, n (%) | 38 (54.3) | 8 (29.6) | 30 (69.8) |
| SGLT2 inhibitor, n (%) | 12 (17.1) | 2 (7.4) | 10 (23.3) |
| Functional class and quality of life | |||
| New York Heart Association functional class III, n (%) | 70 (100) | 27 (100) | 43 (100) |
| 6‐min walk test (m), mean (SD) | 287.3 (133.4) | 252.1 (155.1) | 311.7 (111.7) |
| Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Overall Summary Score (points), mean (SD) | 55.75 (24.4) | 52.0 (23.0) | 58.1 (25.2) |
BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; CRT(D), cardiac resynchronization therapy (defibrillator); ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; NT‐pro BNP, N‐terminal prom hormone B‐type natriuretic peptide; SD, standard deviation; SGLT2, sodium‐glucose transport protein 2.
a
HFH, heart failure hospitalizations and urgent heart failure hospital visits defined as emergency department or hospital outpatient observation visits requiring IV diuretic.