Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable analysis of predictors of hospitalization with worsening heart failure
| Variable | Univariable | Multivariable | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P‐value | HR | 95% CI | P‐value | |
| Clinical | ||||||
| Age, years | 0.98 | [0.94–1.03] | 0.449 | |||
| NYHA | 1.21 | [0.85–1.73] | 0.295 | |||
| Pacemaker implantation | 2.28 | [1.32–3.92] | 0.003 | 1.88 | 1.04–3.40 | 0.037 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.23 | [0.71–2.13] | 0.460 | |||
| Aortic stenosis | 1.20 | [0.64–2.26] | 0.572 | |||
| NAC stage (I vs. II + III) | 1.51 | 0.87–2.62 | 0.143 | |||
| eGFR | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.214 | |||
| NT‐proBNP | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.089 | |||
| Echocardiographic | ||||||
| LVEF | 0.98 | 0.96–1.01 | 0.175 | |||
| GLS < 11.3 | 1.24 | 0.72–2.14 | 0.444 | |||
| RAVi | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.027 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.008 |
| TAPSE > 18 mm | 1.56 | 0.88–2.76 | 0.127 | |||
| TRG > 35 mmHg | 1.97 | 1.10–3.52 | 0.022 | 1.69 | 0.90–3.18 | 0.103 |
| GWI base | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.058 | |||
| Apical basal ratio ≥ 3.6 | 1.89 | 1.07–3.16 | 0.027 | 1.33 | 0.71–2.50 | 0.379 |
| Concomitant medication | ||||||
| ACE inhibitors | 1.16 | 0.61–2.21 | 0.660 | |||
| Angiotensin II antagonists | 0.4 | 0.12–1.32 | 0.133 | |||
| Beta blockers | 1.53 | 0.82–2.84 | 0.183 | |||
ABr, apical to basal ratio; ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; IVC, inferior vena cava; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GWI, global work index; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LVMi, left ventricular mass index; RAVi, right atrial volume index; RVWT, right ventricular wall thickness; TRG, tricuspid return gradient.