Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants at Time Zero.
| Variable | No-CDC group | CDC group | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 9,651 (98.73) | 124 (1.27) | - | |
| Age group (yr) | 0.008 | |||
| 65–69 | 557 (5.77) | 4 (3.23) | ||
| 70–79 | 4,039 (41.85) | 36 (29.03) | ||
| 80–89 | 4,248 (44.02) | 70 (56.45) | ||
| ≥ 90 | 807 (8.36) | 14 (11.29) | ||
| Sex | 0.375 | |||
| Male | 2,192 (22.71) | 24 (19.35) | ||
| Female | 7,459 (77.29) | 100 (80.65) | ||
| Income | 0.342 | |||
| Low | 1,350 (13.99) | 24 (19.35) | ||
| Middle–low | 1,793 (18.58) | 24 (19.35) | ||
| Middle–high | 2,263 (23.45) | 25 (20.16) | ||
| High | 4,245 (43.99) | 51 (41.13) | ||
| Residential area | 0.116 | |||
| Metropolitan | 3,943 (40.86) | 42 (33.87) | ||
| Non-metropolitan | 5,708 (59.14) | 82 (66.13) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Score | 0.158 | |||
| 0 | 2,592 (26.86) | 23 (18.55) | ||
| 1–2 | 4,471 (46.33) | 63 (50.81) | ||
| 3–5 | 2,236 (23.17) | 31 (25.00) | ||
| ≥ 6 | 352 (3.65) | 7 (5.65) | ||
| Fracture type | 0.785 | |||
| Neck fracture | 5,100 (52.84) | 64 (51.61) | ||
| Intertrochanter fracture | 4,551 (47.16) | 60 (48.39) | ||
| Surgery type | 0.110 | |||
| Hemiarthroplasty | 4,853 (50.28) | 74 (59.68) | ||
| Internal fixation | 4,556 (47.01) | 48 (38.71) | ||
| Total hip arthroplasty | 242 (2.51) | 2 (1.61) | ||
| Length of stay (day) | 35.02 ± 35.89 | 67.91 ± 63.80 | < 0.001 | |
| Anesthesia | 0.106 | |||
| General | 2,224 (23.04) | 37 (29.84) | ||
| Spinal | 6,904 (71.54) | 78 (62.90) | ||
| Unknown | 523 (5.42) | 9 (7.26) | ||
| No. of hospital beds | 0.004 | |||
| < 200 | 2,001 (20.73) | 35 (28.23) | ||
| 200–499 | 1,694 (17.55) | 19 (15.32) | ||
| 500–799 | 3,484 (36.10) | 54 (43.55) | ||
| ≥ 800 | 2,472 (25.61) | 16 (12.90) | ||
| Calendar year | 0.003 | |||
| 2006–2007 | 1,569 (16.26) | 6 (4.84) | ||
| 2008–2009 | 1,689 (17.50) | 19 (15.32) | ||
| 2010–2011 | 2,064 (21.39) | 27 (21.77) | ||
| 2012–2013 | 2,178 (22.57) | 32 (25.81) | ||
| 2014–2015 | 2,151 (22.29) | 40 (32.26) | ||
Values are presented as number (%).
CDC: Clostridium difficile colitis.