Table 3. Correlations between GIRD, SWE, ER/IR Ratio, Muscle Strength, and Muscle Endurance.
| Variable | Throwing shoulder | Non-throwing shoulder | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWE | GIRD | GIRD | |||
| PCC (r) | 0.697 | 0.423 | |||
| p-value | 0.025* | 0.224 | |||
| GIRD | SWE | GIRD | SWE | ||
| ER/IR ratio | |||||
| PCC (r) | –0.674 | –0.640 | 0.137 | 0.092 | |
| p-value | 0.033* | 0.046* | 0.707 | 0.801 | |
| IR strength | |||||
| PCC (r) | –0.283 | –0.510 | –0.173 | 0.137 | |
| p-value | 0.429 | 0.132 | 0.633 | 0.706 | |
| ER strength | |||||
| PCC (r) | 0.370 | 0.277 | –0.030 | 0.558 | |
| p-value | 0.293 | 0.439 | 0.936 | 0.093 | |
| IR endurance | |||||
| PCC (r) | 0.323 | 0.143 | 0.371 | 0.165 | |
| p-value | 0.363 | 0.694 | 0.291 | 0.649 | |
| ER endurance | |||||
| PCC (r) | 0.471 | 0.308 | 0.384 | 0.191 | |
| p-value | 0.170 | 0.387 | 0.273 | 0.596 | |
Throwing shoulder was regarded as the dominant shoulder.
GIRD: glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, SWE: shear-wave ultrasound elastography, ER: external rotator, IR: internal rotator, PCC: Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
*Statistically significant.