Table 2.

This table presents a list of the included studies, summarizing the number of patients, classification of fracture, associated lesions, age at surgery, surgical technique performed, length of follow-up, results and conclusions.

Authors	Year of pubblication	Title	Study type	Number of cases (surgically treated)	Classification of fracture	Associated fractures	Average age at surgery	Surgical treatment	Length of follow-up	Final results
Caterini et al.	2002	Fractures of the olecranon in children. Long-term follow-up of 39 cases.	Retrospective	5	Caterini: 5 types	NO	7.4 years	ORIF cerclage wiring (4 cases) one screw (1 case)	32 years	Good: 4 cases poor: 1 case  (inadequate reduction)
Karlsson et al.	2002	Fractures of the olecranon during growth: a 15–25-year follow-up.	Retrospective	11	Horne and Tanzer: 3 types	NO	11 years	ORIF figure-of-eight wiring (6 cases) tension band wiring (2 cases) Rush pin (1 case) CRIF percutaneous pinning (2 cases)	19 years	Excellent: 9 cases good: 2 cases (occasional symptoms)
Gicquel et al.	2003	Surgical technique and preliminary results of a new fixation concept for olecranon fractures in children.	Retrospective	6	Bracq: 3 types	2 (radial head)	10.2 years	CRIF two threaded pins (percutaneous)	14 months	Excellent: 5 cases good: 1 case (limited ROM—10° flexion + associated radial head fracture)
Gortzak et al.	2006	Pediatric olecranon fractures: open reduction and internal fixation with removable Kirschner wires and absorbable sutures.	Retrospective	6	Intra-articular displaced fractures (no specific classification)	3 (humeral condyle—1, radial head—2)	9.7 years	ORIF removable K wires and figure-of-eight suture	13 months	Excellent: 5 cases good: 1 case (limited ROM—10° extension)
Corradin et al.	2016	Outcome of isolated olecranon fractures in skeletally immature patients: comparison of open reduction and tension band wiring fixation versus closed reduction and percutaneous pinning.	Retrospective	22	AO PCCF classification: 3 types	NO	10.5 years	ORIF tension band wiring (10 cases) CRIF percutaneous 4.5mm cannulated screw (12 cases)	17.9 momths	Quick DASH score: 1.82/3.42 no statistical significant difference between the 2 groups  (limited ROM—20° extension—4 patients)
Kim et al.	2017	Early range of motion exercise in pediatric patients with olecranon fractures treated with tension band suture with double loops and double knots.	Retrospective	12	AO PCCF classification: 3 types	2 (radial head)	10.6 years	ORIF K wires and figure-of-eight suture early ROM	12 months	Perfect MEPS: 12 cases
Perkins	2018	Olecranon fractures in children and adolescents: outcomes based on fracture fixation.	Retrospective	46	Intra-articular displaced fractures (no specific classification)	5 (radial head—4 distal radius—1)	12.3 years	ORIF tension band wiring (17 cases) tension band suture (29 cases)	9.1 months	Revision fixation (TBW: 1 case TBS: 4 cases) children eavier than 50 kg having higher rates of fixation failure with TBS
Li et al.	2022	Short-Term Outcomes of Herbert Screw Fixation for Isolated Olecranon Fractures in Children: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study.	Retrospective	14	Mayo: 3 types	NO	11.3 years	CRIF two 3 mm Herbert screw (percutaneous)	11.9 months	Quick DASH score: 1.58