Table 2.
Published literature showing the application of MSI for the composition, quality control, and mechanisms of action of TCMs and natural products.
| Drug | Tissue type | Technical method | Imaged molecules | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salvia miltiorrhiza | Whole plant | MALDI-MSI | Functional metabolites | Sun et al. (2020) | |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza | Roots, stems and leaves | MALDI-MSI | Phenolic acids and tanshinones | Li et al. (2020b) | |
| Tripterygium | Roots | MALDI-MSI | Triterpenoids and sesquiterpene alkaloids | Lange et al. (2017) | |
| Paeonia lactiflora | Roots | AP-SMALDI MSI | Gallotannins and monoterpene glucosides | Li et al. (2016a) | |
| Maple | Xylem | TOF-SIMS imaging | Syringyl and guaiacyl lignin | Saito et al. (2012) | |
| Putterlickia pyracantha | Stems and roots | MALDI-MSI | Maytansinoids | Eckelmann et al. (2016) | |
| Scutellaria baicalensis | Roots | PALDI-based MSI | Baicalein and wogonin | Feng et al. (2014) | |
| Asclepias curassavica | Injury site | 3D-surface MALDI MSI | Plant defensive cardiac glycosides | Dreisbach et al. (2021) | |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra | Rhizome | AP-MALDI-MSI(Koestler et al., 2008) | Flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides and saponins | Li et al. (2014) | |
| Ginkgo biloba L. | Leaves | AP-MALDI-MSI | Flavonoid glycosides and biflavonoids | Beck and Stengel (2016) | |
| Catharanthus roseus | Stem tissue | MALDI-MSI | TIAs | Yamamoto et al. (2016) | |
| Catharanthus roseus | Leaves | MALDI-MSI | TIAs and precursors | Yamamoto et al. (2019) | |
| Panax ginseng | Roots | MALDI-MSI | Ginsenosides | Bai et al. (2016); Lee et al. (2017); Taira et al. (2010) | |
| Ginseng | Roots | DESI-MSI | Ginsenosides | Yang et al. (2021) | |
| Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Panax notoginseng | Roots | MALDI-MSI | Saponins | Wang et al. (2016) | |
| Aconitum carmichaeli Debx | Roots | MALDI-MSI | Aconitum alkaloids | Wang et al. (2009) | |
| Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora | Roots | MALDI-MSI | Monoterpene and paeonol glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, saccharides and lipids | Li et al. (2021) | |
| Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) | LLF fruits | MALDI-MSI | Q-markers | Li et al. (2020a) | |
| Vinblastine | The whole body of rats | MALDI-IMS-MSI | Sinblastine and metabolites | Trim et al. (2008) | |
| Salidroside | Multiple organs | MALDI-MSI | Salidroside | Meng et al. (2020) | |
| Puerarin | Mice kidney tissue | GD-4-assisted MSI | Puerarin and its two metabolites (daidzein and dihydrodaidzein) |
Shi et al. (2017) | |
| Scutellarin | Mice kidney tissue | MALDI-MSI | Scutellarin and scutellarein | Wang et al. (2021c) | |
| Notoginseng leaf triterpenes (PNGL) | Rat brain | MALDI-MSI | Endogenous metabolites | Wang et al. (2021b) | |
| Notoginsenoside R1 | Rat brain | MALDI-MSI | Endogenous metabolites | Zhu et al. (2020) | |
| Thymoquinone | Rat brain | MALDI-MSI | Endogenous metabolites | Tian et al. (2020) | |
| Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata extracts | Rat heart | MALDI-MSI | Endogenous metabolites | Wu et al. (2019) | |