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. 2022 Nov 20;47(4):155–171. doi: 10.1584/jpestics.D22-055

Table 3. Classification and application method of main liquid formulations.

Formulation Figure Main components (except A.I.) Application methods
Emulsifiable Concentrate Transparent liquid Organic solvent+emulsifier Spray after dilution with water by sprayer
Oil Formulation Organic solvent Spray before or after dilution with water by sprayer
Soluble Concentrate Water
ULV Formulation Organic solvent or water Spray without dilution by sprayer
Suspension Concentrate, Flowable Formulation Dispersion in liquid Water+dispersant+thickener Spray after dilution with water by sprayerApply directly from bottle
Emulsion, oil in water Water+emulsifier+(thickener) Spray after dilution with water by sprayer
Microemulsion Transparent liquid Water+emulsifier
Suspoemulsion Dispersion in liquid Water+emulsifier+dispersant
Microcapsule, Capsule Suspension Water+polymer
OD Dispersion in Liquid Organic solvent+dispersant Spray after dilution with water by sprayer, Spray directly by sprayer