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. 2022 Nov 20;47(4):155–171. doi: 10.1584/jpestics.D22-055

Table 3. Classification and application method of main liquid formulations.

Formulation Figure Main components (except A.I.) Application methods
Emulsifiable Concentrate Transparent liquid Organic solvent+emulsifier Spray after dilution with water by sprayer
Oil Formulation “ Organic solvent Spray before or after dilution with water by sprayer
Soluble Concentrate “ Water “
ULV Formulation “ Organic solvent or water Spray without dilution by sprayer
Suspension Concentrate, Flowable Formulation Dispersion in liquid Water+dispersant+thickener Spray after dilution with water by sprayerApply directly from bottle
Emulsion, oil in water “ Water+emulsifier+(thickener) Spray after dilution with water by sprayer
Microemulsion Transparent liquid Water+emulsifier “
Suspoemulsion Dispersion in liquid Water+emulsifier+dispersant “
Microcapsule, Capsule Suspension “ Water+polymer “
OD Dispersion in Liquid Organic solvent+dispersant Spray after dilution with water by sprayer, Spray directly by sprayer