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. 2022 Nov 20;47(4):155–171. doi: 10.1584/jpestics.D22-055

Table 9. Classification of pesticide application equipment.

Formulation Application type Application equipment Note
Liquid Formulations Walking Manual spreader (knap-sack type, shoulder-slung type)Power sprayer (knap-sack type, portable, self-propelled type)Speed sprayer (self-propelled type) High volume spraying (equal to or more than 100 L/10 a)
Riding Boom sprayer (tractor-mounted type, tractor-pulled type, riding management machine-mounted type), Speed sprayer (self-propelled type), Riding, rice transplanter mounted with flowable formulation dripping device High volume, low volume spraying (boom sprayer adaptive to 25 L/10 a)
Outdoor Sprinkler High volume spraying
Indoor Cold fog machine (stationary, unmanned traveling type) Low volume spraying
Power sprayer (unmanned traveling type) High volume spraying
Radio control Industrial unmanned helicopter (liquid sprayer)Unmanned multicopter, Drone (liquid sprayer) Low volume spraying, about 0.8 L/10 a
Granule Formulations Walking Manual granule applicator (knap-sack type, shoulder-slung type)Power granule applicator (knap-sack type, self-propelled type) Application weight, about 1–3 kg/10 a
Riding Boom-type applicator (riding management machine-mounted type), Rice transplanter mounted with granule applicator to transplanting part
Radio control Industrial unmanned helicopter (granule applicator)Unmanned multicopter, Drone (granule applicator)
Fine Granule F Walking Power spreader (knap-sack type, attached with a boom type blow head) Application weight, about 3–4 kg/10 a
Dust Formulations Walking Manual duster (apron type), Power duster (knap-sack type) Application weight, about 3–5 kg/10 a
Riding Power duster (tractor-mounted type)
Smoke Generator Indoor Smoke machine Fumigation