Table 1.
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic period, among 2258 men and women, aged 17–101 years old, from Greece (web-based survey conducted during December 2020, in all Greek regions).
| Participants’ characteristics | Men | Women | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 912) | (n = 1346) | ||
| Age, years (mean (standard deviation) | 36 (18) | 33 (18) | 0.0003 |
| Higher education, n (%) | 566 (62%) | 928 (69%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | <0.001 | ||
| Current, n (%) | 229 (26%) | 285 (21%) | |
| Former, n (%) | 184 (20%) | 132 (10%) | |
| Diagnosed cases of COVID-19, n (%) | 36 (3.95) | 53 (3.94) | 0.99 |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 134 (15%) | 97 (8%) | <0.001 |
| History of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 50 (6%) | 48 (4%) | 0.007 |
| History of dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 150 (17%) | 139 (11%) | 0.001 |
| History of renal disease, n (%) | 29 (3%) | 18 (1.4%) | <0.001 |
| Overweight/obesity, n (%) | 477 (52%) | 386 (29%) | <0.001 |
| Lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic period | |||
| Dietary habits change to healthier pattern, yes (%) | 313 (34%) | 509 (38%) | 0.09 |
| Legumes and cereals, increase (%) | 212 (24%) | 358 (27%) | 0.24 |
| Fruits and vegetables, increase (%) | 287 (32%) | 515 (38%) | 0.004 |
| Salads and green vegetables, increase (%) | 214 (24%) | 356 (26%) | 0.25 |
| Fish and fisheries, increase (%) | 135 (15%) | 262 (20%) | 0.005 |
| Meat and processed meat products, | <0.001 | ||
| Reduction (%) | 159 (17%) | 300 (22%) | |
| Increase (%) | 216 (24%) | 226 (18%) | |
| Drinking water, glasses/day | 5.7 (2.3) | 4.6 (2.1) | 0.03 |
| Dietary supplements, increase (%) | 142 (16%) | 297 (22%) | 0.001 |
| Habitual physical activity (PA), yes (%) | 722 (79%) | 1,009 (75%) | 0.001 |
| Frequency of PAs, times/week | 3.3 (1.5) | 2.09 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| PA, increase (%) | 325 (36%) | 509 (38%) | 0.001 |
| Body weight change | 0.001 | ||
| Loss, n (%) | 142 (16%) | 303 (23%) | |
| Gain, n (%) | 300 (33%) | 474 (35%) | |