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. 2022 Nov 18;13:1034050. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034050

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Copyright © 2022 Niu, Gao, Wang, Liu and Zhang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Generation regulation of OCs. When RANK binds to RANKL, on the one hand, RANK recruits TRAF6, activates NF- κB, JNK,p38,c-fos and AP-1; on the other hand, RANK increases the activity of intracellular calcium and activates calcium regulatory neuroenzymes through the Btk/Tec pathway, which promotes the production of phospholipase C (PLC) to mediate the release of intracellular calcium, regulating the activity of CREB and affecting the transcription of various transcription factors.NFATc1 is the main transcription factor in OC differentiation, inducing OC-specific target genes in the nucleus.The activation of NFATc1 is induced by the above two pathways, thus promoting the formation of OC.