Table 1.
Data extraction table for tools used to obtain the history of present illness.
| Name | Developer | Year | Outcome measures | Interaction | Lingual support | Data entry | Patient subpopulation | Delivery | Decision support |
| Instant Medical History [14-16] | Primetime Medical Software | 1985 | Completion rate, completion time, and patient usability | Multiple choice | English | Patient and clinician | All | Import to EHRa | Clinician |
| HELP System [17,18] | LDS Hospital | 1986 | Diagnostic agreement (physician vs tool) | Multiple-choice, open-ended free text | English | Patient | Pulmonary | Import to EHR | Clinician |
| AIDA [19,20] | Erasmus University | 1987 | Patient usability, completion time, and complaint agreement and diagnostic agreement (physician vs tool) | Multiple-choice, open-ended free text | Dutch | Patient | Respiration, circulation, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, nervous system, skin, and general disorders | Text-based report | Patient and clinician |
| ParentLink [21,22] | Blackboard | 1989 | Completion rate of critical history elements (physician vs tool) and completion time | Multiple-choice, open-ended free text | English | Patient | Pediatrics, emergency, allergy, and trauma | Import to EHR | Clinician |
| CIDI-Auto [23-26] | Canberra Hospital (computerized version of the World Health Organization’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview) | 1997 | Patient acceptability and diagnostic agreement (physician vs tool) | Multiple-choice, open-ended free text | Multiple languages | Patient and clinician | Psychiatry | Text-based report | Clinician |
| MEDoctor [27,28] | MEDoctor Systems, Inc | 1999 | Diagnostic agreement (vignettes vs tool) | Multiple choice | English | Patient | All | Text-based report | Patient |
| Clinical Expert Operating System (CLEOS) [29,30] | Karolinska Institutet | 2008 | Patient satisfaction, percentage agreement of symptoms (physician vs tool), and accuracy in excluding acute coronary syndrome | Multiple choice | English, German, and Swedish | Patient | Cardiology | Import to EHR | Clinician |
| Mediktor [31-36] | Teckel Medical | 2011 | Diagnostic agreement (physician vs tool) | Conversational, multiple choice | Many languages (>180) | Patient | All | Text-based report | Patient |
| DocResponse [37-40] | DocResponse | 2012 | Diagnostic agreement (vignettes vs tool) | Multiple choice | English | Patient and clinician | All | Import to her | Patient and clinician |
| Digivey [41] | Creoso, in collaboration with researchers at Johns Hopkins University | 2013 | Patient usability, time to completion, and data entry error rate | Multiple choice | English | Patient | Emergency | Import to her | Clinician |
| PatientTouch [42] | PatientSafe Solutions Inc | 2014 | Patient usability and satisfaction | Multiple choice | English, and Spanish | Patient | Emergency | Import to EHR | Clinician |
| OurNotes [43-45] | OpenNotes | 2015 | Patient experience and clinician workload (qualitative study) | Open-ended free text | English | Patient and clinician | All | Import to EHR | None |
| FirstHx [46,47] | FirstHx Corp | 2016 | Time to completion, patient usability, and number of questions asked (physician vs tool) | Multiple choice | Multiple languages (10) | Patient | All | Import to EHR | Clinician |
| Automated Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Symptoms (AEGIS) [48,49] | My Total Health | 2016 | Rating of tool note quality (comparing physician note vs tool note) and agreement of alarm features (physician vs tool) | Multiple choice | English | Patient | Gastroenterology | Text-based report | Clinician |
| Digital Communication Assistance Tool (DCAT) [50-53] | aidminutes GmbH | 2017 | Completion time, patient and physician usability, percentage agreement in symptoms reported, and repeat clinic visits | Multiple choice | Multiple languages (21) | Patient | All | Import to EHR | Clinician |
| Quro [54-56] | Medius Health | 2017 | Diagnostic agreement (vignette vs tool) | Conversational, open-ended free text | Multiple languages | Patient | All | Text-based report | Patient |
| Mandy [57] | Precision Driven Health | 2017 | Diagnostic agreement (vignette vs tool) | Conversational, open-ended free text | English | Patient | All | Import to EHR | Clinician |
| Diagnosis and Anamnesis Automated Medical History–Taking Device (DIAANA AMHTD) [58] | Logic-Based Medicine Sàrl, in collaboration with Lausanne University Hospital | 2019 | Diagnostic agreement (physician vs tool) | Multiple choice | German | Patient | Musculoskeletal | Import to EHR | Clinician |
aEHR: electronic health record.